基于LID的城市化区域雨水排水系统规划方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 11:20

本文选题：LID + BMPs　；参考：《天津大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：城市化的快速发展，扰乱了区域原有的水文循环过程，，使城市化区域的雨洪灾害增多，近年来许多城市都发生了严重的城市内涝灾害，使城市部分功能瘫痪、生命财产损失惨重。本研究针对我国北方城市的降雨特征和城市化区域的特点，建立基于低影响开发（Low impact development，LID）的城市化区域可持续雨水排水系统规划框架，并在研究区域内进行雨水管理措施的布局规划研究。首先，将雨水管理理念融合到城市区域规划中，建立城市化可持续雨水排水系统的规划原则、规划步骤和规划框架。本研究使用美国环保署（USEPA）开发的SUSTAIN模型作为区域雨水管理措施规划布局的辅助工具，结合规划框架对城市化区域的雨水排水系统进行规划布局和方案决策。本研究以天津某大学教学生活区为研究区域，对研究区域的降雨特征和径流特征进行监测和分析。分析结果表明，研究区域近年来每年发生大雨、暴雨和大暴雨的概率之和约为19.5%，在发生这类降雨事件时一般会发生不同程度的内涝。本研究监测的降雨径流中的COD、NH3-N、TP和SS的场次平均浓度（EMC）均高于相关地表水体水质标准规定的水质要求，会对受纳水体造成严重危害。分析总结BMP数据库中几类应用成熟的雨水管理措施的径流控制能力，将措施分为就地拦截/处理措施、径流过程处理措施和区域储存/处理措施3大类，根据雨水排水系统规划原则建立措施初选原则，初选LID和BMP措施。然后，建立了基于层次分析法和Monte Carlo模拟的雨水管理措施分类评估体系，对评估指标建立措施表现方程，计算准则的权重分布，再通过集结方法计算措施的综合评分分布。最终，确定绿屋顶、雨水罐、植物过滤带、生物蓄留池作为LID措施，湿式滞留池作为BMP措施进行下一步布局规划。收集和分析研究区域的基础资料，建立基于SUSTAIN的LID和BMP措施布局与径流模拟模型。对研究区域内的LID和BMP措施进行组合布局设计并建立了4个情景方案，对这4个情景方案的径流过程和径流控制功效进行模拟和评价。模拟分析结果表明，组合布局对径流量和污染物的控制效果要优于单独布局，特别是在汇水区末端建设大型BMP措施的组合方案是效果最佳的布局方案。结合研究区域的径流特点和控制目标对优选方案进行优化，得到成本-效益最优的LID和BMP措施布局方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the original hydrological cycle of the region is disturbed, and the rain and flood disasters in the urbanized areas are increased. In recent years, many cities have had serious urban waterlogging disasters, which paralyzed some of the functions of the cities. The loss of life and property was heavy. According to the rainfall characteristics of cities in northern China and the characteristics of urbanization regions, a sustainable Rain Water drainage system planning framework for urbanization regions based on low impact development (lid) was established. And carries on the Rain Water management measure layout planning research in the research area. Firstly, the concept of Rain Water management is integrated into urban regional planning, and the planning principles, planning steps and planning framework of urbanization sustainable Rain Water drainage system are established. In this study, the SUSTAIN model developed by USEPA was used as the assistant tool for planning and layout of regional Rain Water management measures, and the planning layout and scheme decision of Rain Water drainage system in urbanized areas were carried out in combination with the planning framework. In this study, the characteristics of rainfall and runoff were monitored and analyzed in a teaching and living area of a university in Tianjin. The results show that in recent years, the probability of heavy rain and heavy rain is about 19.5, and the waterlogging will occur in different degrees. In this study, the average concentration (EMC) of CODN NH3-NU TP and SS in rainfall runoff is higher than the water quality standard of surface water body, which will cause serious harm to the receiving water body. This paper analyzes and summarizes the runoff control ability of several kinds of mature Rain Water management measures in Rain Water database. The measures are divided into three categories: local interception / treatment measures, runoff process treatment measures and regional storage / treatment measures. According to the principle of Rain Water drainage system planning, the principle of primary selection and the primary measures of lid and BMP are established. Then, the classification and evaluation system of Rain Water management measures based on AHP and Monte Carlo simulation is established. The performance equation of measures is established, the weight distribution of criteria is calculated, and the comprehensive score distribution of measures is calculated by aggregation method. Finally, the green roof, Rain Water tank, plant filter belt, biological storage tank as lid measures, wet retention tank as BMP measures for the next layout planning. The basic data of the study area were collected and analyzed, and the layout and runoff simulation models of lid and BMP measures based on SUSTAIN were established. The combined layout design of lid and BMP measures in the study area was carried out and four scenarios were established. The runoff process and runoff control efficiency of the four scenarios were simulated and evaluated. The simulation results show that the combined layout is superior to the single layout in controlling runoff and pollutants, especially the combination scheme of large-scale BMP measures at the end of catchment area is the best. Combined with the runoff characteristics and control objectives of the study area, the optimal selection scheme was optimized, and the best cost-effective layout scheme of lid and BMP measures was obtained.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU992

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