基于空调建筑室内颗粒物控制的过滤器效率研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 16:37

【摘要】：由于我国许多城市大气雾霾的频频爆发，人们越来越关注室内的颗粒物污染问题，而在颗粒物污染中，目前评价的指标是PM10和PM2.5。同时，中央空调系统承担着控制室内空气品质的任务，其通过内部安装的过滤器对送风气流中的颗粒物进行过滤，所以，在现今室外颗粒物浓度较高的情形下，研究空调过滤器对建筑室内颗粒物，特别是颗粒物PM10和PM2.5的控制有重要意义。现有的空气过滤器大多是按计数效率进行的标定，而颁布的室内、外空气质量标准对PM10、PM2.5给出的均是计重浓度，由此导致了过滤器的设计计算效率与过滤器选型之间的矛盾。此外，我国现有标准并未对室内细颗粒物PM2.5的质量浓度做出规定。因此，无法针对控制室内PM10和PM2.5浓度进行过滤器的选型。本文针对以上问题，通过理论和实验两个主要部分对课题展开了研究。具体的研究方法和主要结论如下：理论研究：(1)建立室内颗粒物浓度模型，通过实例校核了已有规定的空调送风气流中PM10浓度限值是否能满足室内PM10浓度限值的要求；(2)讨论了室内PM2.5的浓度限值，给出了建议标准值，并结合建立的颗粒物浓度模型，计算出空调送风气流中PM2.5的浓度限值；(3)根据送风气流中和室内PM10、PM2.5的浓度限值，通过计算得到了中央空调系统过滤器理论匹配关系；(4)绘制了过滤器效率匹配线算图和新、回风过滤器对主过滤器影响程度图，针对不同室外条件和新风比，给出了新、回风过滤器效率的调控建议。实验研究：(1)搭建了滤料性能测试实验台，测试了现有滤料在不同滤速下对PM10、PM2.5计重效率及相应的阻力值；(2)应用最小二乘法对实验数据进行了拟合，得到了滤速与效率、阻力的关系曲线，并计算出工程应用滤速范围内，各级别滤料效率值和阻力值；(3)分析了滤速与过滤效率、阻力之间的关系，对各级别滤料的应用滤速给出了建议。(4)汇总各级别滤料在其工程应用滤速下的效率和阻力范围，针对PM10和PM2.5的过滤效率绘制成图。最后，将理论研究和实验研究相结合，通过分析和对比，得到了针对不同形式的空调系统，不同工况下，满足室内PM10和PM2.5浓度要求的过滤器级别匹配关系。主要结论： (1)给出PM2.5的室内建议标准浓度值35μg/m3，在此标准浓度值下，空调送风气流中PM2.5质量浓度应≤26.3μg/m3。 (2)增大新、回风过滤器的效率可缓解主过滤器的负担；随着新风比S和室外颗粒物浓度的增大，新风过滤器效率对主过滤器效率的影响程度逐渐增大。 (3)当新风比S≤15%，室外PM10浓度≤0.85mg/m3时，，调高回风过滤器效率对缓解主过滤器的负担更有效；当新风比S≤15%，室外PM2.5浓度≤0.20mg/m3时，调高回风过滤器效率对缓解主过滤器的负担更有效。 (4)建议应用G1~G4级别范围滤料时，减小滤速至1.9m/s左右，应用F5级别的滤料时，增大滤速至0.77m/s左右，以提高过滤效率。 (5)建议在选用较高级别的滤料时，尽可能将滤速控制在较小的范围之内；各滤料的阻力特性曲线基本呈一条上扬的弧线。 (6)绘制了各级别滤料在其工程应用滤速下，对PM10、PM2.5的过滤效率及相应的阻力范围图；得到了不同形式空调系统，过滤器的级别匹配选型表。
[Abstract]:Because of the frequent eruption of air haze in many cities of our country, people pay more and more attention to the problem of indoor particulate matter pollution. In the particle pollution, the current evaluation index is PM10 and PM2.5.. The central air conditioning system assumes the task of controlling the indoor air quality, and its internal installation filter is used for the particles in the air supply air flow. Therefore, it is of great significance to study air conditioning filters for the control of indoor particles, especially particles PM10 and PM2.5, in the case of high concentration of outdoor particles.
Most of the existing air filters are calibrated according to the counting efficiency, and the indoor and external air quality standards issued by the PM10 and PM2.5 are all concentration, which leads to the contradiction between the design efficiency of the filter and the type selection of the filter. In addition, the existing standards in our country do not do the concentration of the indoor fine particles PM2.5. Therefore, it is impossible to select the filter for the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in the control room.
In view of the above problems, two main parts of theory and experiment have been studied in this paper. The specific research methods and main conclusions are as follows:
Theoretical research: (1) establish the indoor particle concentration model, verify the requirements of the PM10 concentration limit in the air conditioning air flow of the existing air conditioning air flow through an example. (2) the concentration limit of the indoor PM2.5 is discussed, the recommended standard value is given, and the air conditioning air supply is calculated by combining the established model of particle concentration. The concentration limit of PM2.5 in the air flow; (3) according to the concentration limit of air flow and indoor PM10 and PM2.5, the theoretical matching relation of the filter in the central air conditioning system is obtained. (4) the figure of the filter efficiency matching line and the influence of the return air filter on the main filter are drawn, and the different outdoor conditions and the new air ratio are given. A new control suggestion for the efficiency of the return air filter.
Experimental research: (1) set up the test bed of filter performance test, test the weight efficiency of PM10 and PM2.5 and corresponding resistance value of the existing filter material at different filtration speed. (2) using the least square method to fit the experimental data, and get the relation curve of the filter speed and efficiency and resistance, and calculate the filtration rate in the range of the engineering application and the different filters at all levels. The value of the material efficiency and the resistance value; (3) the relationship between the filtration rate and the filtration efficiency and the resistance is analyzed. The suggestions for the filtration rate of the filter materials at all levels are given. (4) the efficiency and resistance range of all levels of filter material under the filtration rate of the engineering application are summarized, and the drawing of the filtration efficiency of PM10 and PM2.5 is drawn.
Finally, the theoretical research and experimental research are combined. Through the analysis and comparison, the filter level matching relationship is obtained for the different air conditioning systems and under the different working conditions to meet the requirements of the indoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentration.
The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) the indoor recommended standard concentration of PM2.5 is 35 micron g/m3. Under this standard concentration, the mass concentration of PM2.5 in the air supply airflow should be less than 26.3 g/m3..
(2) increasing the efficiency of the air filter can relieve the burden of the main filter. With the increase of the new air ratio S and the concentration of outdoor particles, the effect of the new air filter efficiency on the efficiency of the main filter is gradually increased.
(3) when the new wind is less than S < 15% and the outdoor PM10 concentration is less than 0.85mg/m3, the efficiency of adjusting the air filter efficiency is more effective to relieve the burden of the main filter. When the new wind is less than 15% and the outdoor PM2.5 concentration is less than 0.20mg/m3, the efficiency of the air filter is more effective to alleviate the burden of the main filter.
(4) it is recommended to reduce filtration rate to about 1.9m/s when applying G1~G4 grade filter media. When applying F5 grade filter media, increase filtration speed to 0.77m/s, so as to improve filtration efficiency.
(5) it is suggested that the filter speed should be controlled in a small range as much as possible when the higher grade filter material is selected, and the resistance curve of each filter is basically a rising arc.
(6) the filter efficiency of PM10 and PM2.5 and the corresponding resistance range chart are drawn under the filter speed of each grade, and the selection table of the level matching of different air conditioning systems and filters is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU83

【参考文献】