中国国家公园制度建设与管理体制研究
发布时间：2018-07-26 12:51
【摘要】：1832年，美国艺术家乔治·卡特琳（George Catlin）首次提出国家公园(NationalPark)这一概念。现在，美国已经形成“国家公园系统”(National Park System)，共有超过20个类型401个单位被纳入国家公园系统的范畴。全球已有二百多个国家和地区建立了近万座国家公园，形成了比较完善的管理理念和运行模式。国家公园从概念的提出到实体公园的建立，从单个类型发展到国家公园体系，从一个国家发展到全球二百多个国家，经历了一百多年。 国家公园之所以能够持续不断地发展，生机勃勃经久不衰，是因为它的发展理念体现了可持续发展、人与自然和谐共处的思想。在全球国家公园运动的影响下，我国以开放的姿态积极探索国家公园在我国的发展路径，并从2008年开始展开试点工作。经过5年的实践，取得了可喜的成绩，同时也暴露出了相当多的问题。国家公园模式在我国是否可行的讨论再一次成为人们关注的焦点。 经过分析论证，在我国建设国家公园不仅是必要的而且在目前也是可行的。必要性可归纳概括为可持续发展之必要；建设管理规范之必要；开展新型旅游之必要；国际交流合作之必要。接着本文从国务院大部门体制改革的稳步推进；政府财政支付能力的显著提升；自然遗产地保护积累的经验与教训；国家公园模式的先进性这四个方面分析了在我国建设国家公园的可行性。本文重点探讨了国家公园的选址与建设。提出国家公园可以在自然保护区、风景名胜区、交叉设置区、发育不完善的遗产保护地中选建。分析了我国自然保护区与美国国家公园在准入标准上的区别，并提出我国国家公园的准入标准的制定应在“国家代表性”、“可行性”、“必要性”、“适建性”、“排他性”方面做出努力。勾勒一个国家公园建设流程图，即资源审查专家小组建立与资源审查—省级政府向国务院申报—公众磋商与国务院特设机构的审查—国家公园的命名—范围与界线的确定—国家规划中心统一制定规划—管理机构设置—国家公园的重大调整的机制。本文最后一部分在对比分析美、日、德、新四国国家公园管理体制特点的基础上，提出三级双列统一的中国国家公园管理体系，并给出了简单的框架构想，最后以九寨沟作为例子，尝试构建了一个基层国家公园管理体系。
[Abstract]:In 1832, American artist George Cartwine (George Catlin) first proposed the concept of National Park (NationalPark). Now, the United States has formed the National Park system (National Park System),). More than 20 types of 401 units are included in the National Park system. More than 200 countries and regions around the world have established nearly 10,000 national parks, forming a relatively perfect management concept and operation mode. From the concept of national parks to the establishment of physical parks, from a single type to a national park system, from a country to more than 200 countries in the world, it has experienced more than one hundred years. The reason why national parks can continue to develop and thrive for a long time is that their development concept embodies the idea of sustainable development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Under the influence of the global national park movement, China actively explored the development path of the national park in our country with an open attitude, and started the pilot work from 2008. After 5 years of practice, has made gratifying achievements, but also exposed a considerable number of problems. The discussion of whether the national park model is feasible in our country has once again become the focus of attention. Through analysis and demonstration, it is not only necessary but also feasible to construct national park in our country. The necessity can be summarized as the necessity of sustainable development, the necessity of construction and management standard, the necessity of developing new tourism, and the necessity of international exchange and cooperation. Then this article from the State Council large departments of the steady progress of the system reform, the government's financial ability to pay a significant improvement, natural heritage protection accumulated experience and lessons; This paper analyzes the feasibility of constructing national park in our country from the four aspects of the advanced nature of national park mode. This paper focuses on the location and construction of national parks. It is suggested that national parks can be selected and built in nature reserves, scenic spots, cross-located areas, and undeveloped heritage protection sites. This paper analyzes on the difference between China's nature reserves and American national parks in terms of access standards, and points out that the formulation of access standards for China's national parks should be based on "national representativeness", "feasibility", "necessity" and "suitability". Efforts are made in the area of "exclusivity". Outline a national park construction flow chart, Establishment of resource review expert groups and resource review-provincial government reporting to the state council-public consultation with the state council ad hoc body review-naming of national parks-determination of scope and boundaries-unified national planning centre system Set planning-management agency settings-National Park major adjustment mechanism. In the last part of this paper, on the basis of the comparative analysis of the characteristics of the national park management system of the United States, Japan, Germany and the new four countries, the author puts forward a three-tiered and unified national park management system of China, and gives a simple frame concept. Finally, taking Jiuzhaigou as an example, this paper tries to construct a grass-roots national park management system.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU986.5
[Abstract]:In 1832, American artist George Cartwine (George Catlin) first proposed the concept of National Park (NationalPark). Now, the United States has formed the National Park system (National Park System),). More than 20 types of 401 units are included in the National Park system. More than 200 countries and regions around the world have established nearly 10,000 national parks, forming a relatively perfect management concept and operation mode. From the concept of national parks to the establishment of physical parks, from a single type to a national park system, from a country to more than 200 countries in the world, it has experienced more than one hundred years. The reason why national parks can continue to develop and thrive for a long time is that their development concept embodies the idea of sustainable development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Under the influence of the global national park movement, China actively explored the development path of the national park in our country with an open attitude, and started the pilot work from 2008. After 5 years of practice, has made gratifying achievements, but also exposed a considerable number of problems. The discussion of whether the national park model is feasible in our country has once again become the focus of attention. Through analysis and demonstration, it is not only necessary but also feasible to construct national park in our country. The necessity can be summarized as the necessity of sustainable development, the necessity of construction and management standard, the necessity of developing new tourism, and the necessity of international exchange and cooperation. Then this article from the State Council large departments of the steady progress of the system reform, the government's financial ability to pay a significant improvement, natural heritage protection accumulated experience and lessons; This paper analyzes the feasibility of constructing national park in our country from the four aspects of the advanced nature of national park mode. This paper focuses on the location and construction of national parks. It is suggested that national parks can be selected and built in nature reserves, scenic spots, cross-located areas, and undeveloped heritage protection sites. This paper analyzes on the difference between China's nature reserves and American national parks in terms of access standards, and points out that the formulation of access standards for China's national parks should be based on "national representativeness", "feasibility", "necessity" and "suitability". Efforts are made in the area of "exclusivity". Outline a national park construction flow chart, Establishment of resource review expert groups and resource review-provincial government reporting to the state council-public consultation with the state council ad hoc body review-naming of national parks-determination of scope and boundaries-unified national planning centre system Set planning-management agency settings-National Park major adjustment mechanism. In the last part of this paper, on the basis of the comparative analysis of the characteristics of the national park management system of the United States, Japan, Germany and the new four countries, the author puts forward a three-tiered and unified national park management system of China, and gives a simple frame concept. Finally, taking Jiuzhaigou as an example, this paper tries to construct a grass-roots national park management system.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU986.5
【参考文献】
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1 程绍文;张捷;徐菲菲;梁sチ，
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