深圳市高层住宅空气源热泵辅助太阳能集中热水系统运行能耗和成本分析

发布时间：2018-07-28 16:58

【摘要】：我国太阳能热水系统的应用发展已历经近四十年,各种应用技术也相对成熟。然而集中式(集中集热、集中供热、集中管理)太阳能热水系统在深圳市高层住宅中的推广和使用中问题连连,其系统的节能性遭到质疑,因此分析集中式太阳能热水系统的能耗对于其在住宅建筑中的推广和运营起着至关重要的作用。空气源热泵辅助太阳能集中热水系统是热泵技术和可再生能源技术的结合,系统充分利用了可再生能源和低品位的空气热能,理论上具有很大的节能潜力与优势。本文主要是对有24小时用水需求的深圳高层住宅建筑的空气源热泵辅助太阳能集中热水系统在实际应用过程中的能耗和成本问题进行分析,从而对其推广和应用给出合理的优化建议。本文首先对空气源热泵辅助太阳能集中热水系统的运行原理、运行模式以及系统控制方法进行了总结概括,然后分别对太阳能集热系统的太阳辐射量、平板集热器的集热效率和集热量,空气源热泵辅助加热系统的制冷剂热力循环、压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器和节流阀,集中储热供热系统的管网热损失、水箱热损失、水泵和风机功率等设备及参数建立了数学计算方法。根据建立的系统数学计算方法,从理论上分析了并确定了:系统集热量和集热效率的主要影响因素—辐射量、环境温度、集热系统的平均温度,水箱和管网热损失的主要影响因素—环境温度、保温材料保温性能、保温材料厚度,空气源热泵的制热量、制热效率和运行时间的主要影响因素—系统的热负荷、集热系统集热量,最终确定了系统能耗的理论计算公式和影响因素。在以上理论分析的基础上,本文选取了深圳市的两个安装了空气源热泵辅助太阳能热水系统的小区,对系统的运行能耗和成本进行实例分析。首先对两个项目太阳能热水系统的热水开通户数、用水量和耗电量进行了为期一年以上的逐月的数据采集,得到了深圳地区人均热水用量和单位热水耗电量在一年内变化的数学拟合公式;重新定义了深圳的夏季、冬季和过渡季,通过对比系统的理论能耗与实际能耗,分析其产生差别的原因,并计算了两个项目的运营成本。其次在七月份对项目1进行了集热性能测试,记录了环境温度、大气辐照度、集热系统进出口温度以及集热循环流量等参数随时间的变化规律,在此基础上分析了在夏季太阳能辐射量变化的拟合公式、系统集热量与集热系统进出口温度的关系、系统瞬时集热效率和系统集热效率的关系;对项目2的集热水箱水温变化和供热水箱的保温性能进行了测试,验证了水箱温度和集热量之间的延迟关系,计算得到项目2水箱的热损失系数。最后对两个项目的全年太阳能保证率、全年常规能源替代量和环境效益进行了工程评价。研究结果表明,在深圳市高层住宅中应用全集中式的太阳能热水系统来保证24小时供水的系统形式是不合理的,空气源热泵辅助太阳能集中热水系统和其他常规能源相比其节能形势明显且其能耗和成本随季节变化明显,但考虑到统一管理带来的人工费、管理费、设备维修费等附加费用就造成了系统节能而不节财。
[Abstract]:The application and development of solar water heating system in China has been developed for nearly forty years, and all kinds of application technology are relatively mature. However, the centralized (centralized heat, centralized heat supply, centralized management) solar hot water system in the promotion and use of the high-rise residential buildings in Shenzhen City, the energy conservation of its system has been questioned, therefore the analysis of centralized solar energy The energy consumption of the hot water system plays a vital role in the promotion and operation of the residential building. The air source heat pump assisted solar centralized hot water system is a combination of heat pump technology and renewable energy technology. The system makes full use of renewable energy and low grade air thermal energy. It has great energy saving potential and advantages in theory. This paper mainly analyzes the energy consumption and cost of the air source heat pump assisted solar centralized hot water system in Shenzhen high-rise residential buildings with 24 hours water demand, and gives reasonable optimization suggestions for its popularization and application. First, the air source heat pump assisted solar centralized hot water system is used in this paper. The operation principle, operation mode and system control method of the system are summarized and summarized. Then, the solar radiation of the solar collector system, the heat collecting efficiency and the heat collection of the plate collector, the refrigerant thermodynamic cycle of the air source heat pump auxiliary heating system, the compressor, the condenser, the evaporator and the throttle valve, are concentrated in the heat storage and heating system. The mathematical calculation method is established for the heat loss of the pipe network, the heat loss of the water tank, the pump and the power of the fan. According to the system mathematical calculation method established, the main influencing factors of the system heat collection and heat collecting efficiency are analyzed and determined, such as the radiation amount, the ambient temperature, the average temperature of the heat collecting system, the heat of the water tank and the pipe network. The main influencing factors of the loss - the environmental temperature, the insulation property of the insulation material, the thickness of the thermal insulation material, the heat of the air source heat pump, the main influence factors of the heating efficiency and the running time - the heat load of the system, the heat collection of the system, finally determine the theoretical calculation formula and the influence factors of the energy consumption of the system. On the basis of this, this paper selects two districts in Shenzhen which installed the air source heat pump to assist the solar hot water heating system, and analyses the energy consumption and cost of the system. First of all, the monthly data collection of the water consumption and power consumption of the two solar hot water hot water systems is obtained, and the monthly data collection is obtained for more than one year. The mathematical fitting formula of the water consumption per capita in Shenzhen and the energy consumption per unit of the unit in one year, and redefining the summer, winter and transition seasons in Shenzhen. By comparing the theoretical and actual energy consumption of the system, the reasons for the difference are analyzed and the operating costs of the two items are calculated. Secondly, the project 1 is carried out in July. The temperature of the environment, the atmospheric irradiance, the temperature of the import and export of the collector system and the flow rate of the collector circulation are recorded. On this basis, the fitting formula of the variation of solar radiation in summer is analyzed, the relationship between the system heat and the inlet and outlet temperature of the collection heat system and the instantaneous heat efficiency of the system are also analyzed. The relationship between the heat efficiency of the system and the thermal efficiency of the heat water tank in 2 is tested. The delay relationship between the temperature of the water tank and the heat collection is verified. The heat loss coefficient of the 2 water tank is calculated. The annual solar energy guarantee rate for the two projects, the annual energy replacement and the environment are also calculated. The results show that the application of the complete Chinese solar water heating system to ensure the 24 hour water supply system in the high-rise residential buildings in Shenzhen is unreasonable. The energy consumption and cost of the air source heat pump assisted solar centralized hot water system are obvious compared with other conventional energy sources and their energy consumption and cost vary with the season. It is obvious, but considering the cost of labor, management fees and equipment maintenance cost brought by unified management, the system will save energy but not money.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU822;TU18

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