重庆地区热反射外墙对办公建筑空调能耗影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 11:48

【摘要】：自重庆直辖以来，城市建设飞速发展和人们生活水平日益提高，建筑能耗不断攀升，因此亟需寻求适宜重庆地区的节能技术来实现建筑节能。而热反射涂料具有高反射特性，其反射率大于0.8，在重庆地区办公建筑屋顶的应用已取得诸多成效，可大幅降低顶层房间空调能耗。外墙作为建筑与外界环境热湿交换的主要通道，其隔热性能的提升对降低建筑能耗、改善区域热环境至关重要，但热反射外墙对空调能耗的影响鲜有研究。本文首先对热反射外墙的隔热机理进行了阐述，利用传热学理论和外墙太阳辐射得热求解模型相结合分析了墙体得热与散热。其次选取重庆江津区某办公楼西侧两间尺寸和朝向相同的房间，其中三层房间西外墙涂刷热反射墙体涂料，四层房间外墙不作处理视为对照外墙，，利用微型电力监测仪、温湿度巡检仪和红外成像仪等对房间冬夏季空调电耗和房间温度进行了实测。结果表明：测试期间，重庆地区办公建筑西外墙采用热反射外墙时，夏季可降低空调电耗0.066kWh/(d m2)，但冬季反增空调电耗0.008kWh/(d m2)。为研究重庆地区办公建筑不同朝向热反射外墙的节能效果，分别选取外墙热反射率为0.2~0.8的新建办公建筑和既有办公建筑作为研究对象，借助能耗模拟软件DesignBuilder v3.0对热反射外墙房间进行了全年空调用能仿真。不同外墙反射率的房间空调用能对比结果表明，东、西、南、北四个朝向的建筑外墙使用热反射涂料后，均可降低房间全年空调能耗，新建办公建筑各朝向外墙对房间全年总能耗的节能率分别为东墙4.49%，西墙4.01%，南墙3.02%和北墙2.79%；既有办公建筑各朝向外墙对房间全年总能耗的节能率分别为东墙6.49%，西墙5.45%，南墙3.98%和北墙3.98%。实测结果反映，热反射外墙可明显降低重庆地区办公建筑夏季空调电耗，而冬季增加的空调电耗仅占夏季空调节约电耗的12.12%。同时，全年能耗仿真表明，热反射涂料在东、西、南、北四个朝向外墙应用中均具有较大节能潜力，尤其是东、西外墙。这些都为将来重庆地区热反射外墙的研究和应用推广提供了有益参考。
[Abstract]:Since Chongqing has been under the direct jurisdiction of Chongqing, the construction of the city has developed rapidly and the living standard of people has been improving day by day, and the building energy consumption has been rising constantly. Therefore, it is urgent to seek the energy saving technology suitable for Chongqing area to realize the building energy saving. The thermal reflection coating has high reflectivity and its reflectivity is more than 0.8. The application of the roof of office buildings in Chongqing area has achieved many results and can greatly reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning in the top floor room. As the main channel of heat and humidity exchange between building and outside environment, the improvement of thermal insulation performance is very important to reduce building energy consumption and improve regional thermal environment, but the influence of heat reflection exterior wall on air conditioning energy consumption is rarely studied. In this paper, the heat insulation mechanism of the thermal reflective exterior wall is first expounded, and the heat transfer and heat dissipation of the wall are analyzed by using the theory of heat transfer and the thermal solution model of the solar radiation of the outer wall. Secondly, two rooms with the same size and orientation on the west side of a certain office building in Jiang Jin district of Chongqing are selected, in which the west exterior wall of the third floor room is painted with heat reflective wall paint, the outer wall of the fourth floor room is not treated as a control wall, and the micro electric power monitor is used. The air conditioning power consumption and room temperature in winter and summer were measured by temperature and humidity patrol instrument and infrared imager. The results show that during the testing period, the 0.066kWh/ (d m 2) of air conditioning can be reduced in summer, but the 0.008kWh/ (d m 2) is increased in winter. In order to study the energy saving effect of the external wall of office buildings with different directions in Chongqing, the new and existing office buildings with thermal reflectivity of 0.2 or 0.8 are selected as the research objects respectively. The energy consumption of air conditioning was simulated by energy consumption simulation software DesignBuilder v3.0. The comparison of the energy consumption of air conditioning in rooms with different external wall reflectivity shows that the energy consumption of air conditioning in the rooms can be reduced after the use of heat reflective coatings on the exterior walls of buildings facing east, west, south and north. The energy saving rate of the new office buildings facing the external walls is 4.49 for the east wall, 4.01 for the west wall, 3.02% for the south wall and 2.79for the north wall. The annual energy saving rate of each facade of the existing office building is 6.49 for the east wall, 5.45 for the west wall, 3.98% for the south wall and 3.98% for the north wall. The measured results show that the external wall of heat reflection can obviously reduce the power consumption of air conditioning in Chongqing area in summer, but the increase of electricity consumption of air conditioning in winter only accounts for 12.12% of the saving power consumption of air conditioning in summer. At the same time, the energy consumption simulation of the whole year shows that the heat reflective coatings have great energy saving potential in the application of east, west, south and north facing the exterior wall, especially the east and west exterior walls. All these provide a useful reference for the future research and application of thermal reflection wall in Chongqing area.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU111.195;TU831

【参考文献】