含土灰浆中有机物的生物酶学检测方法
发布时间：2018-08-03 14:50
【摘要】：至迟在公元前3000年左右,中国人已经开始烧制石灰。随着人类活动的不断扩大,单一的石灰已不能满足人们的生活要求,在石灰中加入粘土和细沙,按一定比例混合并分层夯实,便组成了更具有强度和耐久性的三合土。在石灰和三合土中加入蛋清、血料、红糖、糯米、桐油等有机物,创造出了有机-无机复合灰浆,这是中国建筑材料史上的一大创新,也是经过千百年时间检验的一项伟大成就。本研究是国家科技支撑计划项目“古代建筑基本材料(砖、瓦、灰)科学化研究”课题、国家文物局“指南针计划”专项项目“中国古代建筑灰浆及制作技术科学评价研究”课题、以及国家文物局区域创新联盟课题“文物微量有机物分析检测技术研究及实验室建设”的重要内容,将通过对灰浆中有机物的生物矿化作用机理探讨、灰浆中有机物的检测方法综述及实验方案摸索等手段,尝试使用生物酶学方法解决土或三合土中有机物分析的问题,为古建筑灰浆保护和修复做出一定贡献。蛋白质、糖类、脂类等有机物使得灰浆无机成分碳酸钙的性能提升的部分原因,可以归结为生物矿化作用。在碳酸钙中加入有机物可以降低晶体成核活化能,使晶体类型从方解石向硬度和强度性能更加优越的文石和球霰石转变,从而提高灰浆的整体性能。有机基质是晶体成核和生长的框架或结构模板,还在晶体的成核、定向、生长、形态控制等方面起调控作用。目前对于有机物的检测方法除常规的化学法、红外光谱法、色谱法、质谱法、气质联用法等,还有新兴的生物学方法,如检测血液使用的免疫学方法、检测蛋清使用的酶联免疫吸附法、检测蔗糖和淀粉使用的酶学方法等。这些方法在之前多用于食品、生物和医学方面,而鲜有用于建筑灰浆检测领域,因此这些方法十分值得我们借鉴并且引入到灰浆分析体系当中。本研究进行了灰浆中有机物的化学法检测,介绍模拟灰浆制备过程,化学法检测蛋白质、血、糖、淀粉和桐油的方法及步骤,并对模拟灰浆和古代灰浆样品进行检测；进行了灰浆中蛋清、红糖和糯米的傅里叶转换红外线光谱法检测,介绍FTIR法检测有机物的原理及步骤,并对模拟蛋清、红糖和糯米灰浆进行检测；进行了灰浆中蛋清的酶联免疫吸附法检测,介绍ELISA法检测蛋清的原理及步骤,并对模拟蛋清灰浆和疑似含有蛋清的古代灰浆样品进行检测；进行了灰浆中蔗糖的酶学方法检测,介绍酶学方法检测蔗糖的原理、步骤,并对模拟红糖灰浆和疑似含有红糖的古代灰浆样品进行检测；进行了灰浆中淀粉的酶学方法检测,介绍酶学方法检测淀粉的原理、步骤,并对模拟糯米灰浆和疑似含有糯米的古代灰浆样品进行检测；本研究综述了灰浆中有机物的生物矿化作用机理和灰浆中有机物的检测方法,对实验室制作的模拟灰浆及古代灰浆样品进行了化学法检测和红外法检测,而后又进一步针对无机基底为土或三合土的灰浆中蛋清、蔗糖、糯米成分难以检出的问题,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测蛋清、酶学方法检测蔗糖和糯米,试图解决上述问题,并得到了较满意的结果。
[Abstract]:The Chinese people have started to burn the lime at about 3000 BC. With the continuous expansion of human activities, the single lime can not meet the demands of people's life. The lime and the fine sand are added to the lime and compacted in a certain proportion and stratified, thus making up the more strength and durability of the three pluses. In lime and in the three pluses. Adding organic compounds, such as egg white, blood, red sugar, glutinous rice and tung oil, created organic and inorganic compound grout. This is a great innovation in the history of Chinese architectural materials and a great achievement tested for thousands of years. This research is the scientific research topic of the national science and technology support program "the basic materials of ancient buildings (brick, tile and ash)". The special project of the National Bureau of cultural relics, "the research on the scientific evaluation of Chinese ancient mortar and production technology", and the important content of the "Research on the analysis and detection of trace organic matter and the laboratory construction of the trace organic matter of cultural relics", and the biological mineralization of the organic matter in the mortar. The mechanism discussion, the survey method of organic matter in the mortar and the experiment scheme, try to use the bioenzyme method to solve the problem of the analysis of the organic matter in the soil or the soil, and make some contribution to the protection and repair of the old building. Some of the reasons can be attributed to the biological mineralization. The addition of organic compounds in calcium carbonate can reduce the nucleation activation energy of the crystal and change the crystal type from calcite to the superior hardness and strength of the aragonite and the aragonite, thus improving the overall performance of the mortar. The organic base is the frame or structure template for the nucleation and growth of the crystal. It also plays a regulatory role in the nucleation, orientation, growth, and morphological control of the crystals. At present, the detection methods for organic matter are in addition to conventional chemical methods, infrared spectroscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry, GC-MS, etc., as well as new biological methods, such as immunological methods for detecting the use of blood, and detection of enzyme linked immunosorbent use in egg white. Methods, the enzymatic methods used to detect the use of sucrose and starch, and so on. These methods have been used in the field of food, biology and medicine, and are rarely used in the field of mortar testing. Therefore, these methods are worthy of reference and introduced into the system of mortar analysis. The methods and steps of chemical detection of protein, blood, sugar, starch and tung oil were made by chemical method. The simulated gray and ancient mortar samples were detected. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of egg white, red sugar and glutinous rice in the mortar was tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The principles and steps of FTIR method for detecting organic matter were introduced. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to detect the egg white in the mortar. The principle and steps of the ELISA method for the detection of egg white were introduced, and the samples of the simulated egg white and suspected egg white were detected. The enzymatic method of sucrose in the mortar was tested and the principle of the enzymatic method for the detection of sucrose was introduced. Suddenly, the samples of the simulated red sugar grout and suspected red sugar were tested, the enzymatic method of starch in the mortar was tested, the principle and the steps of the enzymatic method for detecting starch were introduced, and the samples of the simulated waxy rice mortar and the suspected samples containing the glutinous rice were examined. The organic matter in the ash was reviewed in this study. The mechanism of biomineralization and the detection of organic matter in the pulp were detected by chemical method and infrared method for the simulated grey pulp and ancient mortar samples made in the laboratory, and then further aimed at the problem that the inorganic base is the soil or the soil of the soil or the soil of Naka Meshi, sucrose and glutinous rice, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used. Detection of egg white, enzymatic method to detect sucrose and glutinous rice, trying to solve the above problems, and achieved satisfactory results.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU52
本文编号：2162089
[Abstract]:The Chinese people have started to burn the lime at about 3000 BC. With the continuous expansion of human activities, the single lime can not meet the demands of people's life. The lime and the fine sand are added to the lime and compacted in a certain proportion and stratified, thus making up the more strength and durability of the three pluses. In lime and in the three pluses. Adding organic compounds, such as egg white, blood, red sugar, glutinous rice and tung oil, created organic and inorganic compound grout. This is a great innovation in the history of Chinese architectural materials and a great achievement tested for thousands of years. This research is the scientific research topic of the national science and technology support program "the basic materials of ancient buildings (brick, tile and ash)". The special project of the National Bureau of cultural relics, "the research on the scientific evaluation of Chinese ancient mortar and production technology", and the important content of the "Research on the analysis and detection of trace organic matter and the laboratory construction of the trace organic matter of cultural relics", and the biological mineralization of the organic matter in the mortar. The mechanism discussion, the survey method of organic matter in the mortar and the experiment scheme, try to use the bioenzyme method to solve the problem of the analysis of the organic matter in the soil or the soil, and make some contribution to the protection and repair of the old building. Some of the reasons can be attributed to the biological mineralization. The addition of organic compounds in calcium carbonate can reduce the nucleation activation energy of the crystal and change the crystal type from calcite to the superior hardness and strength of the aragonite and the aragonite, thus improving the overall performance of the mortar. The organic base is the frame or structure template for the nucleation and growth of the crystal. It also plays a regulatory role in the nucleation, orientation, growth, and morphological control of the crystals. At present, the detection methods for organic matter are in addition to conventional chemical methods, infrared spectroscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry, GC-MS, etc., as well as new biological methods, such as immunological methods for detecting the use of blood, and detection of enzyme linked immunosorbent use in egg white. Methods, the enzymatic methods used to detect the use of sucrose and starch, and so on. These methods have been used in the field of food, biology and medicine, and are rarely used in the field of mortar testing. Therefore, these methods are worthy of reference and introduced into the system of mortar analysis. The methods and steps of chemical detection of protein, blood, sugar, starch and tung oil were made by chemical method. The simulated gray and ancient mortar samples were detected. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of egg white, red sugar and glutinous rice in the mortar was tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The principles and steps of FTIR method for detecting organic matter were introduced. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to detect the egg white in the mortar. The principle and steps of the ELISA method for the detection of egg white were introduced, and the samples of the simulated egg white and suspected egg white were detected. The enzymatic method of sucrose in the mortar was tested and the principle of the enzymatic method for the detection of sucrose was introduced. Suddenly, the samples of the simulated red sugar grout and suspected red sugar were tested, the enzymatic method of starch in the mortar was tested, the principle and the steps of the enzymatic method for detecting starch were introduced, and the samples of the simulated waxy rice mortar and the suspected samples containing the glutinous rice were examined. The organic matter in the ash was reviewed in this study. The mechanism of biomineralization and the detection of organic matter in the pulp were detected by chemical method and infrared method for the simulated grey pulp and ancient mortar samples made in the laboratory, and then further aimed at the problem that the inorganic base is the soil or the soil of the soil or the soil of Naka Meshi, sucrose and glutinous rice, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used. Detection of egg white, enzymatic method to detect sucrose and glutinous rice, trying to solve the above problems, and achieved satisfactory results.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU52
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1 张坤;含土灰浆中有机物的生物酶学检测方法[D];浙江大学;2014年
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