村镇适用型屋面构造设计与保温材料评价研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 16:45

【摘要】：当前我国村镇住宅建设量巨大,占全国住宅建设总量的一半以上；但由于经济落后及特殊的地域特点,村镇建筑水平长期以来都处于技术落后、低水平的阶段；建筑功能低下、造价高、设计不科学、能耗大和安全问题突出等都是目前我国村镇住宅普遍存在的共同问题,这不仅增加村镇住户的经济负担,对住户生命和财产的安全构成威胁,更不利于资源、能源的节约和生态环境的保护,还严重阻碍我国社会主义新农村建设的推进及建筑的可持续发展。屋面作为建筑重要功能部位之一,是继门窗外另一个功能齐全的综合系统,在建筑节能、安全方面发挥着重要作用。为此,发展经济实用、功能齐全、安全和环保型屋面非常重要。随着社会的发展和村镇居民生活水平的日益提高,人们对建筑功能和安全的要求也在不断提高,而当前村镇屋面现状己不能满足人们的需求。为此,提高村镇住宅屋面功能和安全性是目前急需解决的重大课题,本文以此作为研究出发点,分别从适用型平屋面构造设计和村镇屋面适用保温材料评价选用两方面展开研究,以进一步提升、完善村镇地区平屋面的功能和安全性。本文首先阐述了屋面构造和屋面材料在村镇住宅安全中的重要作用；并对我国华南、华中和东北地区的村镇住宅屋面展开实况调研,全面了解了目前村镇住宅屋面的构造、屋面形式、屋面材料、顶棚、造价及使用情况等,总结当前我国村镇住宅屋面存在的安全隐患及不足之处；最后针对目前村镇住宅屋面的现状,提出了“村镇适用型平屋面”,并以“适用型平屋面”定义为切入点,通过借鉴我国现有先进的平屋面构造及技术,结合村镇住户的经济实力,根据不同建筑热工设计分区,分别对夏热冬暖地区、夏热冬冷地区、寒冷地区及严寒地区的适用型平屋面构造进行设计,分别从经济、实用、功能、安全及环保等角度体现“适用型平屋面”的优势及特色。最后,针对当前我国屋面材料种类繁多、鱼龙混杂的局面,本文结合村镇地区的经济条件及实际情况,选择DEA模型中的VRS模型作为村镇屋面适用保温材料的评价模型；根据评价指标调研问卷统计情况,根据综合评价指标体系的评价原则确定了村镇屋面适用保温的评价指标,即以经济、节能、环保、健康和安全等五项指标作为村镇屋面适用保温材料评价指标,并根据各项评价指标建立村镇安全型屋面材料综合评价体系；并采用DEAP2.1软件DEA中的VRS模型对几种常用屋面保温材料进行评价优选。结果表明,憎水膨胀珍珠岩、憎水岩棉板和玻璃棉板的决策单元DEA最有效,可作为村镇屋面适用保温材料使用,其次是聚苯板；而聚氨酯制品是这几种保温材料不适合作为村镇屋面适用保温材料。通过村镇适用型平屋面构造设计及屋面适用保温材料评价选用的研究,可确保屋面的功能和安全,减少村镇住户经济负担,为村镇住宅建设提供先进的屋面技术,指导我国村镇住宅屋面建设,对推动我国社会主义新农村住宅建设及建筑的可持续发展具有重大意义。
[Abstract]:At present, the amount of residential construction in villages and towns in China is huge, accounting for more than half of the total amount of residential construction in China; however, due to the backward economy and special geographical characteristics, the level of construction in villages and towns has long been in the stage of backward technology and low level; low building function, high cost, unscientific design, large energy consumption and safety problems are outstanding at present. The common problems existing in the residences of villages and towns not only increase the economic burden on the residents of villages and towns, but also pose a threat to the safety of their lives and property. It is not conducive to the conservation of resources, energy conservation and ecological environment. It also seriously hinders the promotion of the construction of a new socialist countryside and the sustainable development of buildings. One of the important functional parts is another comprehensive system with complete functions besides doors and windows, which plays an important role in building energy saving and safety. Therefore, it is very important to develop economical, practical, functional, safe and environmentally friendly roofs. Therefore, improving the function and safety of residential roofs in villages and towns is an important issue to be solved urgently. This paper takes this as a research starting point and develops from two aspects: the design of applicable flat roof structure and the evaluation and selection of suitable insulation materials for the roofs of villages and towns. In order to further enhance the function and safety of flat roofs in rural areas, this paper firstly expounds the important role of roof structure and roof materials in the safety of rural residential buildings. Roofing form, roofing materials, roof, cost and usage situation, summarize the existing security risks and deficiencies of rural residential roofing in China; finally, in view of the current situation of rural residential roofing, put forward the "village applicable flat roofing" and take the definition of "applicable flat roofing" as a breakthrough point, by drawing lessons from the existing advanced in China. Flat roofing structure and technology, combined with the economic strength of village residents, according to different building thermal design zoning, respectively hot summer and warm winter area, hot summer and cold winter area, cold area and cold area suitable flat roofing structure design, respectively, from the economic, practical, functional, safety and environmental protection point of view to reflect the "applicable flat roofing" Finally, in view of the current situation of a wide variety of roofing materials and mixed fish and dragon, this paper combines the economic conditions and the actual situation in rural areas, selects the VRS model of DEA model as the evaluation model of the suitable insulation materials for the roof of villages and towns; according to the evaluation index survey questionnaire statistics, according to the comprehensive evaluation index The evaluation principle of the system determines the evaluation index of the suitable thermal insulation for the roof of villages and towns, i.e. the five indexes of economy, energy saving, environmental protection, health and safety are taken as the evaluation index of the suitable thermal insulation materials for the roof of villages and towns, and the comprehensive evaluation system of the safe roof materials of villages and towns is established according to the evaluation indexes, and the VRS model of DEAP2.1 software DEA is adopted. The results show that the decision-making unit DEA of hydrophobic expanded perlite, hydrophobic rock wool board and glass wool board is the most effective, which can be used as insulation material for village roof, followed by polystyrene board, and polyurethane products are not suitable for village roof. Through the study on the structural design of the applicable flat roof and the evaluation and selection of the roof insulation materials, the function and safety of the roof can be ensured, the economic burden of the residents in the villages and towns can be reduced, the advanced roofing technology can be provided for the construction of the houses in the villages and towns, the roofing construction of the houses in the villages and towns can be guided, and the construction and construction of the houses in the new socialist countryside can be promoted. Sustainable development of construction is of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU231;TU551

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