寒区农宅烟气余热地道式采暖方式研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 11:15

【摘要】：我国严寒地区的采暖季长达五个月以上，北方农村农宅因为保温性能差，同时采暖热效率低，采暖能耗占总能耗的80%，降低农村的采暖能耗是农村建筑节能的重要课题。 课题组在2012年12月、2013年1月对哈尔滨管辖的阿什河乡的采暖现状进行了实测与调研。调研发现火炕、火墙等采暖方式使室内空气质量下降，越来越多的农户开始使用土暖气采暖，土暖气锅炉的排烟量大而且温度高，排烟热损失很大。在阿什河乡民和村对锅灶和土暖气锅炉的排烟进行了测定，通过对烟气物性的直接计算，得出以火炕采暖的排烟温度20℃为基准温度，土暖气在采暖时，每燃烧1kg烟煤，排放烟气的可用余热量为3024kJ，约占烟煤低位热值的12.4%。在土暖气锅炉和锅灶进行炊事时，排烟热损失更多。 根据能量的梯级利用理论，提出了在非主要人员活动区域采暖烟气余热地道式采暖方式，，提高燃料利用效率。烟气余热的供暖面积要根据烟气可用余热量来确定。提出了烟气余热地道式采暖方式的构造方法和运行方式。借鉴火炕的搭建方式分别给出了烟气余热地道式采暖方式的地面散热量、换热效率、蓄热性能、烟道尺寸、烟道阻力等重要参数的确定原则和方法。 将烟气余热地道式采暖房间进行几何和物理上的简化，建立了烟气余热地道式采暖房间的换热模型，其中包括简化的负荷模型、地面换热模型、烟气的热平衡方程。 建立烟道换热的数值计算模型，将测试得到的三种排烟状态通入烟道，发现后挡烟烟道布置方式热工性能表现上优于其它方式。针对烟气入口处地面温度过高的问题，提出了加厚该部位地面的改进措施，建立模型进行模拟，结果显示改进措施能够在一定程度上改善过热问题。将调研得到的1号和3号烟气通入改进后烟道，地面温度由28.2℃分别提高到30.8℃和33.4℃。计算得到烟气余热利用率为60.8%，节能率为7.54%。 以测试农户房屋为原型，建立寒区农宅的典型模型，对该模型进行烟气余热地道式采暖的设计计算，并进行不同采暖方式分析比较，发现采用烟气余热地道式采暖后可节省9.17%的采暖能耗。对厨房采用烟气余热地道式采暖进行了设计计算。
[Abstract]:The heating season in the cold area of our country lasts for more than five months. Because of poor thermal insulation performance and low heating efficiency, heating energy consumption accounts for 80% of the total energy consumption. Reducing rural heating energy consumption is an important subject of rural building energy conservation. In December, 2012 and January, 2013, the present heating situation of Ashi River in Harbin was measured and investigated. The investigation found that the indoor air quality was decreased by the heating methods such as Kang and firewall. More and more farmers began to use earth heating. The amount of exhaust smoke of the boiler was large and the temperature was high, and the heat loss of exhaust smoke was very big. The exhaust smoke of boiler stove and soil-heating boiler was measured in Ashihe township and village. Through the direct calculation of the physical properties of flue gas, it was concluded that the exhaust smoke temperature of the heating bed was 20 鈩

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