城市综合公园改造中景观的保留与优化

发布时间：2018-08-19 11:48

【摘要】：城市综合公园是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,随着社会发展、人们价值观念和需求转变,综合公园亟待更新优化。公园改造时,保留原有景观能起到保育文化、保护生态环境、快速营造景观、节约建设成本等重要作用；景观优化设计可以使公园更美观艺术、更生态自然、更具文化内涵,提高公园使用效率。但目前景观的保留与优化设计存在缺乏专业性指导,前期调查分析不充分；与公园一些功能性改造矛盾；部分原有景观品质较差等问题。本文通过大量查阅调研相关文献和案例,系统地研究了城市综合公园改造设计、景观保留与优化设计等内容,阐述了原有景观保留与优化的必要性,分析了其影响因素,提出了景观保留与优化的原则、方法等,结合潍坊自怡园改造设计,力图能为其他城市公园景观改造设计提供新思路。以下为研究所获成果： (1)国内外对城市综合公园改造的研究越来越重视,改造与新建最大的不同之处在于设计对场地原有景观的处理,本文梳理了国内外城市公园景观改造的相关研究,分析综合公园功能,提出城市综合公园改造的发展趋势、功能和景观目标,认为改造步骤如同医生“望闻问切”的治病过程一样,改造的方式先保留后优化,采用“整体景观环境塑造-局部景观空间营造-个体景观要素锻造”这样逐层进行改造设计,分析景观空间、要素、植物等内容。 (2)针对景观保留与优化设计的现存问题,要遵循保留与优化的整体性、标志性、生态性、人本性等原则,提高参与者保护意识和专业技能、提升专家参与度、采用先进3S、SBE法等技术方法、全面调查核实原有场地材料等提升前期调查结果的精准度。 (3)尊重保留原有景观空间布局、风格、游人使用习惯,注意各空间的联系性和独特性,适当调整原有空间尺度、色彩、形式,增加景观空间数量,从视觉、意境、功能等方面构建优化空间景观品质、内容；原有地形、水体、建筑、道路、植物等景观要素应最大限度的予以保留利用,古建、古树及工业设施等场地历史遗留是保护重点,根据时代发展和人们需求,对原有景观进行更新优化设计,增强景观主题性、功能性,新旧景观相融合。 (4)植物保留的等级为古树名木乔木灌木草花,慢生种速生种,以原地保留为主,可以采用改变道路走向或形式、原有行道树作为分车带绿化的骨干树种、增设树池或林下广场、点线面相结合的密林区设计等适宜的保留设计手段；通过对植物的修剪、抽稀,根部埋树条、铺生态透水砖、设围栏,合理引种乡土树种、花灌木及文化保健植物,协调与各景观元素组景等,科学地优化调整植物形态和生境、群落密度和结构、文化和生态性景观。 (5)潍坊自怡园改造设计中,保留了原有古园风貌,优化功能和生态景观设计,将景观空间的布局调整为“一山一水多功能景观空间”的形式,增强每个景观空间的主题联系性；修缮园内仿古建筑并统一风格,优化道路系统,植物基本上都保留利用,尤其乔木是全部保留,着重增加中下层植物和具有文化寓意的保健型植物；公园文化和当地风筝、武术等文化融入景观优化中；重塑了一个古韵浓厚、功能完善、环境优美的中式山水园。
[Abstract]:Urban comprehensive park is an important part of urban green space system. With the development of society and the change of people's values and demands, it is urgent to renew and optimize the comprehensive park. The park is more beautiful, more ecological and natural, more cultural connotation, improve the efficiency of the use of the park.
By consulting a large number of relevant documents and cases, this paper systematically studies the urban comprehensive park renovation design, landscape preservation and optimization design, expounds the necessity of the original landscape preservation and optimization, analyzes its influencing factors, puts forward the principles and methods of landscape preservation and optimization, and combines with Weifang Ziyiyuan renovation design. It can provide new ideas for landscape design and renovation of other urban parks.
(1) More and more attention has been paid to the reconstruction of urban comprehensive parks both at home and abroad. The biggest difference between the reconstruction and the new construction lies in the treatment of the original landscape in the design of the site. This paper combs the relevant studies on the landscape reconstruction of urban parks at home and abroad, analyzes the functions of the comprehensive parks, and puts forward the development trend, functions and landscape objectives of the transformation of urban comprehensive parks. It is believed that the transformation step is the same as the doctor's treatment process. The transformation method is first retained and then optimized. The transformation design is carried out layer by layer by layer with the method of "overall landscape environment shaping - local landscape space building - individual landscape elements forging", and the contents of landscape space, elements and plants are analyzed.
(2) In view of the existing problems of landscape preservation and optimization design, we should follow the principles of integrity, symbolism, ecology and humanism of preservation and optimization, enhance participants'protection consciousness and professional skills, enhance experts' participation, adopt advanced 3S, SBE and other technical methods to investigate and verify the original site materials comprehensively, and enhance the precision of the preliminary investigation results. Degree of accuracy.
(3) Respect and retain the original landscape spatial layout, style, visitors use habits, pay attention to the connection and uniqueness of each space, appropriate adjustment of the original spatial scale, color, form, increase the number of landscape space, from the visual, artistic conception, function and other aspects to build and optimize the quality of space landscape, content; the original terrain, water, architecture, roads, plants and other landscapes. Elements should be retained and utilized to the maximum extent. The historical sites such as ancient buildings, ancient trees and industrial facilities are the key points of protection. According to the development of the times and people's needs, the original landscape should be optimized and updated to enhance the theme, functionality and the integration of new and old landscape.
(4) The grade of plant reserve is ancient trees, famous trees, shrubs and flowers, slow-growing species, fast-growing species, mainly in situ, can be used to change the direction or form of the road, the original roadside trees as the backbone tree species of the car belt greening, the addition of tree ponds or forest squares, Point-line-plane combination of dense forest design and other appropriate means of conservation design; Plants are pruned, thinned, rooted trees are buried, ecological permeable bricks are laid, fences are set up, local tree species, flowering shrubs and cultural health plants are reasonably introduced, landscape elements are coordinated, plant morphology and habitat, community density and structure, culture and ecological landscape are scientifically optimized and adjusted.
(5) In the reconstruction design of Weifang Ziyi Garden, the original style and features of ancient gardens are retained, the functions and ecological landscape design are optimized, and the layout of landscape space is adjusted to the form of "one mountain, one water and multi-functional landscape space", so as to enhance the theme connection of each landscape space. All of them are reserved and utilized, especially the trees are all reserved, with emphasis on adding lower and middle-level plants and health-care plants with cultural implications; park culture and local kites, martial arts and other cultures are integrated into the landscape optimization; remodeling a rich ancient charm, functional, beautiful environment of Chinese-style landscape garden.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU986

【参考文献】