基于生态恢复的矿区废弃地景观规划研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 13:24

【摘要】：采矿业是包括中国在内的世界上许多国家的重要产业和关键经济因素。工业革命以来的采矿业走过了数百年历程。随着矿业资源开采的日渐枯竭，在采矿所在地留下了满目疮痍、难以利用的土地。在矿业生产能力和土地美学价值被破坏的同时，其生态系统的功能和结构也严重退化。世界各地存在大量的采矿遗留问题，除了矿业开采留下的残存的场地和设备，破败的环境及贫困的社区几乎发生在每一个矿业开采地区。这些矿区废弃地对于当地的社会发展而言是一把双刃剑，倘若它们能得到积极有效的改善，不仅可以修补生态网络和空间肌理，而且可以提高土地使用效率和价值，并激活那些衰败、萧条的空间，从而促进社会积极有序地发展。为此，许多国家对矿区废弃地采取积极的态度，希望通过矿区场地环境的改造，使其成为社会发展的新动力。在当前土地资源日趋紧张，生态污染严重，产业转业升级的背景下，我国采取了关停采矿生产场地和控制其规模以及其他政策和行政措施，并不断深入到矿区生态恢复工程和技术方面的研究。在此基础上如何通过景观重建规划，完成生态恢复，，将这些采矿场由废地变成宝地，这一直是国内外专家们共同关注的主题。这个问题不仅关系到矿业经济发展与环境保护的协调，而且关系到矿区环境改善、矿区信心重振和生活质量提升，归根到底，促进社会的和谐与进步。矿区废弃地的生态恢复是一个广泛而漫长的过程，需要集中许多专业机构人员的知识和能力，相关专业包括生物学和生态学专家、采矿工程师、土木工程师、景观设计师和环境工程师等。如果从一开始就将景观规划作为生态恢复过程的一部分，生态恢复的过程和结果会有什么不同？带着这样的思考，论文主要探讨了景观规划在矿区废弃地生态恢复过程中发挥的关键作用。本文在阅读大量文献的基础上，重新梳理了矿区废弃地的相关概念和其生态恢复和景观规划的理论基础。通过从多元视角对国内外矿区废弃地生态恢复与景观规划有代表性的案例进行剖析和总结，提出基于生态恢复的矿区废弃地景观规划策略；并且以南京市幕府山景观规划为例，将理论和实践相互结合和论证。这些研究对指导我国矿区废弃地的综合治理具有一定的理论和实践意义。
[Abstract]:Mining industry is an important industry and key economic factor in many countries including China. The mining industry has gone through hundreds of years since the industrial revolution. As the mining industry dries up, the mining site is left with scarred and unusable land. With the destruction of mining production capacity and aesthetic value of land, the function and structure of ecosystem are degraded seriously. There are a lot of mining legacies around the world, except for the remaining sites and equipment left by mining, the dilapidated environment and poor communities occurring in almost every mining area. These abandoned mining areas are a double-edged sword for local social development, and if they are actively and effectively improved, they can not only repair ecological networks and spatial texture, but also improve the efficiency and value of land use. And activate those decaying, depressed space, thus promoting the positive and orderly development of society. Therefore, many countries take a positive attitude towards the abandoned mining area, hoping to make it a new motive force for social development through the transformation of the mining site environment. Under the background of the increasing shortage of land resources, serious ecological pollution and industrial upgrading, China has taken measures to close down mining production sites and control their scale, as well as other policies and administrative measures. And continue to go deep into the mining area ecological restoration engineering and technical research. On this basis, how to complete the ecological restoration through the landscape reconstruction planning, and how to turn these mining sites from waste land into precious land has been the common theme of experts at home and abroad. This problem relates not only to the coordination of mining economic development and environmental protection, but also to the improvement of mining environment, the revival of confidence and the improvement of quality of life in mining areas. In the final analysis, it promotes the harmony and progress of society. Ecological restoration of mining wasteland is an extensive and lengthy process that requires the pooling of the knowledge and capabilities of a number of professionals, including biological and ecological experts, mining engineers, civil engineers, Landscape architect and environmental engineer, etc. If landscape planning is part of the ecological restoration process from the beginning, what is the difference between the process and the outcome of ecological restoration? With this thinking, the paper mainly discusses the key role of landscape planning in the process of ecological restoration of abandoned land in mining area. On the basis of reading a large number of documents, this paper reorganizes the related concepts of mining wasteland and the theoretical basis of ecological restoration and landscape planning. Through analyzing and summing up the representative cases of ecological restoration and landscape planning of abandoned land in mining area from multiple perspectives, this paper puts forward the landscape planning strategy of abandoned land in mining area based on ecological restoration, and takes the landscape planning of shogunshan in Nanjing as an example. Combine theory and practice with each other. These studies have certain theoretical and practical significance to guide the comprehensive management of mining wasteland in China.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.114

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