基于我国工程质量保证险制度的建筑施工质量风险评估研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 12:14
【摘要】：近些年我国建筑产业规模已经扩大了到前所未有的地步，但建筑质量保障体系却没有与时俱进。质量保证金制度与工程质量终身负责制已经不再适应当前形势，甚至从某些方面阻碍了建筑业的健康发展，所以数年前工程质量保证险制度作为其替代机制被引进国内。但工程质量保证险制度在其试点城市内的运行并不成功，造成这种结果理论层面的主要原因之一就是合作双方间的信息不对称问题。 本文致力于构建一套服务于工程质量保证险制度的建筑质量评价体系来解决上述信息不对称问题。这种建筑质量评价过程可划分成勘察设计质量评价、建筑施工质量评价、一年使用期后状况评价三个部分。本文研究的主要内容就是围绕其中的建筑施工质量评价部分，就是构建一个基于我国工程质量保证险制度的建筑施工质量安全评价体系。 构建该体系，也就是探求一种服务与商业保险的经济适用、科学完备的建筑施工质量评价方法。为了达到这种效果，本文采取的方法是将实践施工经验与各项工程验收规范进行整合分类，再结合现行建筑质量评价体系的相关成果进行适当步骤简化与风险转移。 为方便讨论，所构建体系将建筑施工过程简化为基础工程、混凝土结构工程、砌体工程三个部分，对这三个分项工程分别进行研究。研究中提出观点：相对严重建筑质量缺陷，一般的质量缺陷更关乎保险公司的生死存亡。在该观点的指导下，体系评估侧重于识别常见的建筑质量风险。 本文研究的理论基础为实践施工经验和现有分项工程验收规范，而土木工程本身又是一门先经验而行的科学，所以本文研究的理论方法选为经验总结法和专家评价法。最后得出的建筑施工质量评价体系却遇到指标量化的瓶颈，选用专家赋值法虽然有一定成效，但是仍显得不够科学严谨。因此，本文最后建议应尽快建立建筑质量缺陷数据库，以便今后能够更加科学的量化分项指标。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's construction industry has expanded to unprecedented extent, but the construction quality assurance system has not kept pace with the times. The quality guarantee system and the project quality lifelong responsibility system have no longer adapted to the current situation, and even hindered the healthy development of the construction industry in some aspects. Therefore, a few years ago, the engineering quality assurance insurance system was introduced into China as its substitute mechanism. However, the operation of the project quality assurance insurance system in the pilot cities is not successful. One of the main reasons for this kind of result is the information asymmetry between the two partners. This paper is devoted to the construction of a construction quality evaluation system serving the engineering quality assurance system to solve the problem of asymmetric information mentioned above. The process of building quality evaluation can be divided into three parts: survey and design quality evaluation, construction quality evaluation and state evaluation after one year of use. The main content of this paper is to construct a construction quality and safety evaluation system based on the system of engineering quality assurance in our country. To construct this system is to explore a scientific and complete evaluation method of construction quality for service and commercial insurance. In order to achieve this effect, the method adopted in this paper is to integrate the practical construction experience with various engineering acceptance codes, and then combine the relevant achievements of the current building quality evaluation system to simplify and transfer the risks. In order to facilitate the discussion, the construction process is simplified into three parts: foundation engineering, concrete structure engineering and masonry engineering. The three sub-projects are studied separately. In the research, the author points out that relative serious building quality defect, general quality defect is more related to the life and death of insurance company. Guided by this view, the system evaluation focuses on identifying common building quality risks. The theoretical basis of this paper is the practical construction experience and the existing code of acceptance of the sub-project, and the civil engineering itself is a science of first experience, so the theoretical method studied in this paper is selected as the empirical summary method and the expert evaluation method. Finally, the evaluation system of construction quality is met with the bottleneck of index quantification. Although the selection of expert valuation method has some effect, it is still not scientific and rigorous enough. Therefore, it is suggested that the database of building quality defects should be set up as soon as possible, so as to be able to quantify the sub-indexes more scientifically in the future.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU71
本文编号：2202851
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's construction industry has expanded to unprecedented extent, but the construction quality assurance system has not kept pace with the times. The quality guarantee system and the project quality lifelong responsibility system have no longer adapted to the current situation, and even hindered the healthy development of the construction industry in some aspects. Therefore, a few years ago, the engineering quality assurance insurance system was introduced into China as its substitute mechanism. However, the operation of the project quality assurance insurance system in the pilot cities is not successful. One of the main reasons for this kind of result is the information asymmetry between the two partners. This paper is devoted to the construction of a construction quality evaluation system serving the engineering quality assurance system to solve the problem of asymmetric information mentioned above. The process of building quality evaluation can be divided into three parts: survey and design quality evaluation, construction quality evaluation and state evaluation after one year of use. The main content of this paper is to construct a construction quality and safety evaluation system based on the system of engineering quality assurance in our country. To construct this system is to explore a scientific and complete evaluation method of construction quality for service and commercial insurance. In order to achieve this effect, the method adopted in this paper is to integrate the practical construction experience with various engineering acceptance codes, and then combine the relevant achievements of the current building quality evaluation system to simplify and transfer the risks. In order to facilitate the discussion, the construction process is simplified into three parts: foundation engineering, concrete structure engineering and masonry engineering. The three sub-projects are studied separately. In the research, the author points out that relative serious building quality defect, general quality defect is more related to the life and death of insurance company. Guided by this view, the system evaluation focuses on identifying common building quality risks. The theoretical basis of this paper is the practical construction experience and the existing code of acceptance of the sub-project, and the civil engineering itself is a science of first experience, so the theoretical method studied in this paper is selected as the empirical summary method and the expert evaluation method. Finally, the evaluation system of construction quality is met with the bottleneck of index quantification. Although the selection of expert valuation method has some effect, it is still not scientific and rigorous enough. Therefore, it is suggested that the database of building quality defects should be set up as soon as possible, so as to be able to quantify the sub-indexes more scientifically in the future.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU71
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