等造价混凝土框架抗震倒塌安全储备与地震损失评估

发布时间：2018-08-26 14:02

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国经济的发展,建筑内的设备、财产越发贵重,在地震中即便是建筑主体未发生破坏,其内部非结构构件的损坏带来的经济损失仍然是巨大的。在我国,钢筋混凝土框架结构是广泛采用的一种建筑结构形式,且有相当数量的混凝土框架位于设防高烈度地区,由于地震发生机理的复杂性,这些地区发生“特大地震”的可能依然存在,如果能在保证造价一定的前提下,最大程度的提高混凝土框架的抗倒塌能力,同时减少其地震经济损失、减少其震后维修时间,这对于提高我国混凝土框架建筑结构的抗震经济性有很大意义。根据以上的考虑,本文的主要工作如下：(1)在保证造价一定的前提下,根据我国抗震规范,设计了等造价高层传统混凝土框架、等造价高层防屈曲支撑混凝土框架和等造价高层隔震混凝土框架,建立了OpenSees非线性有限元模型,详细阐述了设计方法和模型建立方法。(2)基于美国ATC-63报告建议的增量动力分析方法,对受等造价控制的传统混凝土框架和加控混凝土框架进行了地震易损性和倒塌安全储备分析。研究发现,隔震框架在各使用状态下的抗震安全储备更高,抗倒塌能力更强；防屈曲支撑框架中支撑的数量、位置能够显著影响其抗倒塌能力。(3)提出了以整体抗侧刚度、最小修正刚重比和水平减震系数作为等造价加控混凝土框架的抗倒塌设计参数,通过考虑防屈曲支撑的数量、位置、参数变化以及隔震支座的参数变化,对几十种等造价加控混凝土框架进行了倒塌安全储备分析。研究发现,防屈曲支撑应均匀布置在结构薄弱层,避免集中布置在高层,当防屈曲支撑框架整体抗侧刚度越大、最小修正刚重比越大时,其抗倒塌能力越强；当隔震框架水平减震系数越小时,其抗倒塌能力越强,并且强于传统框架和防屈曲支撑框架。针对以上分析,提出了最强抗倒塌能力的等造价加控混凝土框架设计方法。(4)基于美国FEMA P-58报告的评估方法,结合我国实际情况,对受等造价控制的传统混凝土框架和加控混凝土框架进行了地震经济损失、时间损失评估。研究发现,等造价防屈曲支撑混凝土框架最多可减少37%的地震经济损失、减少38%的震后维修时间；等造价隔震混凝土框架最多可减少68%的地震经济损失、减少82%的震后维修时间。根据本文研究,等造价隔震混凝土框架的地震灾害损失全面小于传统混凝土框架,抗倒塌能力强于传统混凝土框架；等造价防屈曲支撑混凝土框架的地震灾害损失介于传统框架和隔震框架之间,抗倒塌能力也介于两者之间。为提高建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力和抗震经济性,等造价加控混凝土框架适合在我国推广应用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of economy in our country, the equipment and property in the building are more and more valuable. Even if the main body of the building is not destroyed in the earthquake, the economic loss caused by the damage of the non-structural components inside the building is still enormous. In China, reinforced concrete frame structure is widely used as a kind of building structure, and a considerable number of concrete frames are located in high-intensity fortification areas, due to the complexity of earthquake occurrence mechanism. The possibility of a "major earthquake" still exists in these areas. If the collapse resistance of concrete frames can be maximized on the premise of ensuring a certain cost, at the same time reducing the economic loss of the earthquake and reducing the repair time after the earthquake, It is of great significance to improve the aseismic economy of concrete frame building structure in China. According to the above considerations, the main work of this paper is as follows: (1) under the premise of ensuring a certain cost, according to the seismic code of our country, the traditional concrete frame with equal cost is designed. The nonlinear finite element model of OpenSees is established for the concrete frame with buckling braced concrete and isolating concrete frame for the same building cost. The design method and modeling method are described in detail. (2) based on the incremental dynamic analysis method proposed in the ATC-63 report of the United States, the seismic vulnerability and collapse safety reserve of the conventional concrete frame and the reinforced concrete frame under equal cost control are analyzed. It is found that the seismic safety reserve of the isolated frame is higher and the anti-collapse ability is stronger under each condition, and the number and position of the braces in the buckling bracing frame can significantly affect its anti-collapse ability. (3) the overall lateral stiffness of the frame is proposed. The minimum modified rigid-weight ratio and the horizontal damping coefficient are used as the design parameters of the anti-collapse design of the concrete frame with equal cost. By considering the number, position, parameter change of the anti-buckling brace and the parameter change of the isolation support, the minimum modified rigid-weight ratio and the horizontal damping coefficient are taken into account. The collapse safety reserve of dozens of kinds of concrete frames with equal cost are analyzed. It is found that the anti-buckling bracing should be uniformly arranged in the weak layer of the structure and avoid concentrated arrangement in the high-rise. When the overall lateral stiffness of the anti-buckling bracing frame is larger and the minimum modified rigid-weight ratio increases, the anti-collapse ability of the bracing frame is stronger. When the horizontal damping coefficient of the isolated frame is smaller, the anti-collapse ability of the frame is stronger than that of the traditional frame and buckling braced frame. In view of the above analysis, the design method of the equivalent cost control concrete frame with the strongest ability to resist collapse is put forward. (4) based on the evaluation method reported by FEMA P-58 of the United States, combined with the actual situation of our country, The seismic economic loss and time loss of the conventional concrete frame and the additional concrete frame controlled by equal cost are evaluated. It is found that the equivalent cost of anti-buckling braced concrete frame can reduce the earthquake economic loss by up to 37% and the repair time after the earthquake by 38%, and the cost isolation concrete frame can reduce the earthquake economic loss by up to 68%. The repair time after the earthquake was reduced by 82%. According to the research in this paper, the seismic disaster loss of the iso-cost isolated concrete frame is lower than that of the traditional concrete frame, and the collapse resistance of the frame is stronger than that of the traditional concrete frame. The earthquake disaster loss of the concrete frame with buckling bracing is between the traditional frame and the isolated frame, and the collapse resistance of the frame is also between the traditional frame and the isolated frame. In order to improve the seismic collapse resistance and anti-seismic economy of building structures, additional cost control concrete frames are suitable for popularization and application in China.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU375.4;TU352.11

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