负载纳米银活性炭制备条件优化及饮用水消毒应用研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 09:29

【摘要】：我国农村饮用水与城市二次供水均存在各类污染物超标的风险,以大肠杆菌含量超标尤为突出。目前,我国现有针对饮用水中大肠杆菌含量超标的处理方法效率低、效果差、经济成本较高,在其处理上依然缺乏行之有效的方法。所以,寻求一种可实际应用的低成本、高效杀菌的新型净水技术成为本课题需要研究的内容。随着近几年来纳米技术的迅速发展,纳米颗粒在许多领域上获得应用,而纳米银作为一种优良的灭菌试剂,其较高的稳定性、广谱抗菌等优势被广泛关注。本课题利用具有优良的灭菌特性的纳米银,将其负载于活性炭,制备出一种新型负载纳米银的活性炭材料,解决农村饮用水与城市二次供水中大肠杆菌含量超标的问题。本文首先通过对纳米银活性炭材料进行选择,同时对其烧制条件进行研究与优化,其次研究纳米银活性炭杀菌性能,并通过不同方法表征对纳米银活性炭进行表征分析与研究,综合分析比较材料对杀菌性能的影响,同时对如何提高杀菌效率的活性炭改性进行研究。最后,研究纳米银活性炭在实际应用方面的效果,并与其他净水技术进行经济技术对比分析。结果表明:矿物颗粒活性炭作为负载原料,烧制出来的纳米银活性炭杀菌效率高,实际负载到活性炭上的银含量范围在91.8~97.7%;烧制条件优化中,600℃条件下烧制的纳米银活性炭,晶体结晶度更好,纳米银颗粒更小,最终选择实际烧制温度为600℃,银溶液浸泡活性炭的作用时间为6 h。表征分析结果说明纳米银在活性炭表面均匀分布,纳米银颗粒直径分布在10~50 nm之间,符合其纳米级尺寸。通过活性炭硝酸酸洗改性及壳聚糖改性均可以不同程度增强材料的杀菌性能。在高浓度(105 CFU/m L)与低浓度(103CFU/m L)大肠杆菌超标原水的连续流杀菌试验中,纳米银活性炭均能保证稳定的安全性,但对于高浓度大肠杆菌超标的原水的连续流杀菌会缩短纳米银活性炭的使用寿命。纳米银活性炭与传统载银活性炭和膜过滤技术相比,具有高效杀菌、成本可控等技术优势,有很广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Drinking water in rural areas and secondary water supply in cities have the risk of exceeding the standard of all kinds of pollutants, especially in Escherichia coli. At present, the existing treatment methods for Escherichia coli in drinking water are low efficiency, poor effect, high economic cost, and still lack of effective methods in the treatment of Escherichia coli in drinking water. Therefore, it is necessary to study a new type of water purification technology with low cost and high efficiency in practical application. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, nanoparticles have been applied in many fields. As a kind of excellent sterilizing reagent, silver nanoparticles have many advantages such as high stability, wide spectrum antibacterial and so on. In this paper, a new type of activated carbon material loaded with nano-silver was prepared by using nano-silver with excellent sterilizing characteristics, which was loaded on activated carbon. The problem of Escherichia coli in drinking water and secondary water supply in rural areas was solved. In this paper, first of all, through the selection of nano-silver activated carbon materials, at the same time, the sintering conditions were studied and optimized. Secondly, the bactericidal properties of nano-silver activated carbon were studied, and the characterization and analysis of nano-silver activated carbon were carried out by different methods. The influence of the materials on the bactericidal properties was analyzed and the modification of activated carbon was studied on how to improve the bactericidal efficiency. Finally, the effect of nano-silver activated carbon in practical application was studied and compared with other water purification technologies. The results showed that the nano-silver activated carbon fired from mineral granular activated carbon as the loading material had high bactericidal efficiency, and the silver content on the activated carbon actually loaded on the activated carbon was 91.87.77.The sintering conditions were optimized under the condition of 600 鈩，

本文编号：2230129