土霉素菌渣活性炭的制备及其吸附性能研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 20:36

【摘要】：随着大气环境质量的下降,人们在室内停留的时间也越来越长,室内空气质量日益受到重视,活性炭吸附法作为去除室内污染物的主要方法,活性炭的使用量也不断增长。土霉素发酵过程产生大量危险固体废物-菌渣,相关企业在积极探寻其低成本治理技术。本文开发了以土霉素菌渣为原料,采用化学活化法制备土霉素菌渣活性炭,探讨了其吸附室内污染气体的工艺,研究了其作为催化剂载体的可行性。此技术既解决了菌渣治理难题,低成本活性炭还能在室内污染物能得到高效利用,或者作为催化剂高效载体,实现了以废治废‖。本文首先通过对制药企业产生的土霉素菌渣进行了工业分析、元素分析、重金属、无机成分、多环芳烃的含量以及热值研究,得到了土霉素菌渣的理化特性,并与污水处理厂污泥特性进行了对比,表明以土霉素菌渣为原料制备活性炭可行。其次,采用化学活化法研究了土霉素菌渣活性炭制备工艺过程,通过正交实验优化了制备工艺参数,并通过响应面法对最佳工艺参数进行了验证。采用扫描电镜、BET、傅里叶红外和X-射线粉末衍射对最佳参数下制备土霉素菌渣活性炭进行了表征,得到了其表面形态特征、孔结构、微观结构和表面官能团等特征,与商品活性炭的对比结果表明,菌渣炭的性能符合国家标准要求。再次,以最佳工艺条件下制备的土霉素菌渣活性炭为吸附剂,研究了其吸附室内污染气体甲醛和甲苯的性能。测定了土霉素菌渣活性炭静态吸附甲醛和甲苯饱和量,采用TPD测定了不同脱附升温速率下甲醛在菌渣活性炭上的脱附温度,计算了脱附活化能,并用朗格缪尔方程进行了拟合;分别优化了动态吸附情况下吸附温度、空速和气体浓度对菌渣活性炭吸附甲醛和甲苯气体效率的影响,得到了较佳工艺参数。最后,为进一步研究菌渣活性炭的应用领域,采用浸渍法制备了不同种类的离子液体和稀土金属改性菌渣活性炭,探讨了改性菌渣活性炭吸附-催化氧化SO2的机理,用X-射线粉末衍射、热重、扫描电镜等分析方法表征了催化剂结构,分析了改性前后活性炭孔隙结构和表面特征的变化及其规律;得到了不同种类稀土改性的活性炭的性能,并优化了工艺参数。
[Abstract]:With the decline of atmospheric environmental quality, people stay in the room longer and longer. The indoor air quality is paid more and more attention. Activated carbon adsorption is the main method to remove indoor pollutants, and the amount of activated carbon is increasing. Oxytetracycline fermentation process produces a large number of hazardous solid waste-bacteria residue, related enterprises are actively exploring its low-cost treatment technology. In this paper, the activated carbon of oxytetracycline residue was prepared by chemical activation method from oxytetracycline bacteria residue as raw material. The process of adsorbing indoor pollution gas was discussed, and the feasibility of using it as catalyst carrier was studied. This technology not only solves the problem of bacteria residue treatment, but also can be used efficiently in indoor pollutants with low cost activated carbon, or as an efficient carrier of catalyst. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of oxytetracycline residue were studied by industrial analysis, elemental analysis, heavy metal, inorganic components, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and calorific value. Compared with sludge characteristics of sewage treatment plant, it is feasible to prepare activated carbon from oxytetracycline bacteria residue. Secondly, the preparation process of activated carbon from oxytetracycline residue was studied by chemical activation method. The process parameters were optimized by orthogonal experiment, and the optimum process parameters were verified by response surface method. The preparation of activated carbon from oxytetracycline residue was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) BET, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology, pore structure, microstructure and surface functional groups were obtained. The results of comparison with commercial activated carbon show that the properties of microbial residue carbon meet the requirements of national standard. Thirdly, the adsorption performance of oxytetracycline residue activated carbon on formaldehyde and toluene was studied. The static adsorption of formaldehyde and toluene saturation on the activated carbon of oxytetracycline residue was determined. The desorption temperature of formaldehyde on activated carbon was determined by TPD. The activation energy of desorption was calculated and fitted by Langmuir equation. The effects of adsorption temperature, space velocity and gas concentration on the efficiency of adsorption of formaldehyde and toluene on activated carbon were optimized, and the better process parameters were obtained. Finally, in order to further study the application field of activated carbon from bacteria residue, different kinds of ionic liquid and rare earth metal modified activated carbon were prepared by impregnation method, and the mechanism of adsorption-catalytic oxidation of SO2 was discussed. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The changes of pore structure and surface characteristics of activated carbon before and after modification were analyzed, and the properties of activated carbon modified by different rare earth elements were obtained. The process parameters were optimized.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU834.8

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