水对于汉口城市形态的影响及其作用机制研究
发布时间：2018-10-05 20:20
【摘要】：武汉素有“江城”之美誉，长江与汉水对城市的意义不言而喻，尤其是位于城市西北侧的汉口，与两江的关系更为密切，加之境内密布的湖泊水网，城市的自然格局为其创造了无与伦比的地理条件和区位优势。因此可将“水”作为理解汉口城市产业发展及形态演变的一个重要线索，寻找水运、水患、城市形态与市政建设等方面的关联性。 本文主要以与水相关的汉口城市形态之演变过程作为研究对象，对1640—1949年间汉口城市形态进行了长时间段的纵向动态考察，通过文献分析法与历史地图对比分析法，考察了城市边界、道路结构、地块划分、城市外部空间、建筑形态等各要素与水的关系，并根据水的不同属性，从江河湖水、水运、水患、水利等四个方面，对汉口城市形态在时间与空间上的演变进行分析与梳理。 首先，江河湖水创造了汉口城市格局的雏形，明成化年间汉水改道直接导致了汉口的诞生，两江的走向确定了城市线性发展方向，并形成“鱼刺型”街道空间，此外也导致了芦棚、墩台建筑及吊脚楼等滨水建筑形式的出现。其次，优越的地理位置和水运条件使得汉口在明清时期一跃成为中国“四大名镇”之首，并在开埠后凭借其独特的转口贸易，始终保持着突出的经济地位。汉口城市形态在水运经济的刺激下逐渐开始由沿河转为沿江发展，，码头的生长、道路系统及地块的演化均能反映这一过程；此外，租界区的建设亦为汉口带来了先进的近代城市规划理论，也加速了汉口城市近代化步伐。第三，与水过度亲密的关系使得汉口饱受水患之苦，城市堤防设施不仅保障了汉口的安全，也无形中作为城市边界反映了汉口城市发展的线索，并引发了城市从“沧海”到“桑田”的演变过程；此外，特大洪涝灾害还可视为重大城市事件对汉口城市以毁灭性打击，汉口的城市形态也得以在灾后重新建立。最后，汉口城市近代化也在“水利”方面有所体现，自来水的出现极大便利了汉口市民生活用水方式，消防系统与排水系统的近代化也在一定程度上改善了汉口的城市面貌。 汉口城市形态演化的长时间段考察表明，水是影响其城市形态的重要因素，是城市产业转型与社会转型的必要条件，水对早期汉口的城市形态产生了决定性影响，并长期内嵌于城市肌理之中，同时也将对新的城市形态产生影响。近年来武汉市大力推行的“引江入湖”、“两江四岸”、“三镇三片湖区”等政策均体现了“水”对城市形态的持续性影响，而本文为此也提供了一定的历史与理论支持。
[Abstract]:Wuhan is known as a "river city". The significance of the Yangtze River and the Han River to the city is self-evident, especially in Hankou, which is located on the northwest side of the city, and is more closely related to the two rivers. The natural pattern of the city creates unparalleled geographical conditions and geographical advantages. Therefore, "water" can be regarded as an important clue to understand the development and evolution of urban industry in Hankou, and the relationship between water transportation, flood, urban form and municipal construction can be found. In this paper, the evolvement process of the urban form of Hankou, which is related to water, is taken as the research object, and the longitudinal dynamic investigation of the urban form of Hankou from 1640 to 1949 is carried out for a long period of time, and the literature analysis method and the historical map comparative analysis method are adopted. The relationship between urban boundary, road structure, plot division, urban outer space, architectural form and water is investigated. According to the different properties of water, the relationship between river and lake water, water transportation, flood and water conservancy is discussed. This paper analyzes and combs the evolution of urban form in time and space in Hankou. First, the rivers and lakes created the embryonic form of the urban pattern in Hankou. During the Ming Dynasty, the diversion of the Han River led directly to the birth of Hankou. The direction of the two rivers determined the direction of the city's linear development and formed a "fish-prickly" street space. In addition, it also led to the appearance of waterfront buildings such as Reed shed, piers and abutments, etc. Secondly, the superior geographical location and water transportation conditions made Hankou become the first of the "four famous towns" in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and with its unique entrepot trade, Hankou always maintained a prominent economic position after the opening of the port. Under the stimulation of water transportation economy, the urban form of Hankou gradually began to change from river to river. The growth of wharf, the evolution of road system and land block can reflect this process. The construction of concession area has also brought advanced modern urban planning theory to Hankou and accelerated the pace of urban modernization in Hankou. Third, the close relationship with the water makes Hankou suffer from the flood. The urban levees not only guarantee the safety of Hankou, but also invisibly reflect the clue of Hankou's urban development as a city boundary. In addition, the catastrophic flood disaster can also be regarded as a devastating attack on Hankou city, and the urban form of Hankou can also be re-established after the disaster. Finally, the modernization of Hankou city is also reflected in the aspect of "water conservancy". The appearance of tap water greatly facilitates the consumption of water for the residents of Hankou, and the modernization of fire control system and drainage system also improves the urban outlook of Hankou to a certain extent. A long period of investigation into the evolution of urban morphology in Hankou shows that water is an important factor affecting the urban form and a necessary condition for the transformation of urban industry and society, and water has a decisive effect on the urban morphology of Hankou in the early period. And long-term embedded in the city texture, will also have an impact on the new urban form. In recent years, the policies of "leading rivers into lakes", "two rivers and four banks" and "three towns and three lakes" carried out vigorously in Wuhan City have reflected the sustained influence of "water" on the urban morphology, and this paper also provides some historical and theoretical support for this.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.2
[Abstract]:Wuhan is known as a "river city". The significance of the Yangtze River and the Han River to the city is self-evident, especially in Hankou, which is located on the northwest side of the city, and is more closely related to the two rivers. The natural pattern of the city creates unparalleled geographical conditions and geographical advantages. Therefore, "water" can be regarded as an important clue to understand the development and evolution of urban industry in Hankou, and the relationship between water transportation, flood, urban form and municipal construction can be found. In this paper, the evolvement process of the urban form of Hankou, which is related to water, is taken as the research object, and the longitudinal dynamic investigation of the urban form of Hankou from 1640 to 1949 is carried out for a long period of time, and the literature analysis method and the historical map comparative analysis method are adopted. The relationship between urban boundary, road structure, plot division, urban outer space, architectural form and water is investigated. According to the different properties of water, the relationship between river and lake water, water transportation, flood and water conservancy is discussed. This paper analyzes and combs the evolution of urban form in time and space in Hankou. First, the rivers and lakes created the embryonic form of the urban pattern in Hankou. During the Ming Dynasty, the diversion of the Han River led directly to the birth of Hankou. The direction of the two rivers determined the direction of the city's linear development and formed a "fish-prickly" street space. In addition, it also led to the appearance of waterfront buildings such as Reed shed, piers and abutments, etc. Secondly, the superior geographical location and water transportation conditions made Hankou become the first of the "four famous towns" in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and with its unique entrepot trade, Hankou always maintained a prominent economic position after the opening of the port. Under the stimulation of water transportation economy, the urban form of Hankou gradually began to change from river to river. The growth of wharf, the evolution of road system and land block can reflect this process. The construction of concession area has also brought advanced modern urban planning theory to Hankou and accelerated the pace of urban modernization in Hankou. Third, the close relationship with the water makes Hankou suffer from the flood. The urban levees not only guarantee the safety of Hankou, but also invisibly reflect the clue of Hankou's urban development as a city boundary. In addition, the catastrophic flood disaster can also be regarded as a devastating attack on Hankou city, and the urban form of Hankou can also be re-established after the disaster. Finally, the modernization of Hankou city is also reflected in the aspect of "water conservancy". The appearance of tap water greatly facilitates the consumption of water for the residents of Hankou, and the modernization of fire control system and drainage system also improves the urban outlook of Hankou to a certain extent. A long period of investigation into the evolution of urban morphology in Hankou shows that water is an important factor affecting the urban form and a necessary condition for the transformation of urban industry and society, and water has a decisive effect on the urban morphology of Hankou in the early period. And long-term embedded in the city texture, will also have an impact on the new urban form. In recent years, the policies of "leading rivers into lakes", "two rivers and four banks" and "three towns and three lakes" carried out vigorously in Wuhan City have reflected the sustained influence of "water" on the urban morphology, and this paper also provides some historical and theoretical support for this.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.2
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