生物质能用于城镇区域供热能源的优化配置技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 14:10

【摘要】：在我国，很多农作物的秸秆成为秋收季节之后的废弃物，就地焚烧会产生大量的粉尘有害物质，收集秸秆使秸秆变废为宝成为生物质能界炙手可热的话题。如今城镇区域供热能源一般采用化石能源，为了节约化石能源，本文选取生物质能作为城镇供热的主要能源，研究生物质能用于区域供热规划中的关键技术。本文首先提出生物质能源的3E评价指标，，建立生物质能源3E综合评价体系。为之后的建模分析提供理论依据。本文基于秸秆的岛式分布特征，建立了秸秆收集过程中经济、能耗、环境排放的数学模型。对单资源岛的模型进行分析，讨论了压缩对秸秆收集成本，能耗，及环境的影响。结果表明，在收集量为5000t，压缩密度为0.6t/m3，运输距离大于34.5km时经压缩的收集成本小于未经压缩的收集成本，当收集量从1万吨到500万吨，运输距离从18km依次增加到30km，60km，100km后，压缩后再运输的能耗率分别增加了0.25%，0.91%，1.77%，而不压缩运输的能耗率则分别增加了0.86%，3.01%和5.88%，同样的收集量和压缩密度时，运输距离越长，对未压缩与经压缩的能耗率影响越大，因此秸秆压缩有助于降低远距离运输的总成本、总能耗。本文针对秸秆直燃锅炉、掺混锅炉、与燃煤锅炉平行供热三种类型进行研究，比较分析秸秆直燃锅炉与传统锅炉的经济、能耗、环境排放的优劣，探讨掺混比、负荷比对秸秆锅炉的经济、能耗、环境排放影响。结果表明单台锅炉容量为14兆瓦时秸秆锅炉的费用年值、能源利用率、二氧化碳排放量分别为9880万元、82%，44005吨；燃煤锅炉的费用年值、能源利用率、二氧化碳排放量分别为6480万元、77%、38856吨；由此得出秸秆直燃锅炉虽然在经济上不占优势，但在能耗和环境排放方面具有很好的前景，其次生物质掺混比例、负荷承担比例越大越有助于降低污染物排放。
[Abstract]:In our country, the straw of many crops becomes the waste after autumn harvest, incineration in situ will produce a lot of dust harmful substances, collecting straw to turn straw into treasure has become a hot topic in the field of biomass energy. Nowadays, fossil energy is generally used in urban district heating energy. In order to save fossil energy, this paper selects biomass energy as the main energy of urban heating, and studies the key technology of biomass energy used in regional heating planning. In this paper, the 3e evaluation index of biomass energy is put forward firstly, and the comprehensive evaluation system of biomass energy 3e is established. It provides the theoretical basis for the later modeling analysis. Based on the island distribution characteristics of straw, a mathematical model of economic, energy consumption and environmental emission in straw collection process is established in this paper. The model of single resource island is analyzed, and the effects of compression on straw collection cost, energy consumption and environment are discussed. The results show that when the collection amount is 5 000 t, the compression density is 0.6 t / m 3, the compressed collection cost is lower than the uncompressed collection cost when the transport distance is larger than 34.5km. When the collection volume increases from 10 000 tons to 5 million tons, and the transportation distance increases from 10 000 tons to 60 km / m ~ (3) km, the transportation distance increases from 30 km to 60 km / m ~ (-1) km. The energy consumption rate of compressed transportation increased by 0.25%, 0.91% and 1.77, respectively, while that of uncompressed transportation increased by 0.86% and 5.88%, respectively. The longer the transportation distance was, the greater the impact on the uncompressed and compressed energy consumption rate was, when the same collection volume and compression density were used. So straw compression can reduce the total cost and energy consumption of long distance transportation. In this paper, three types of direct-fired boiler with straw, mixed boiler and parallel heating with coal-fired boiler are studied. The advantages and disadvantages of economy, energy consumption and environmental emission of Straw direct-fired boiler and traditional boiler are compared and analyzed, and the mixing ratio is discussed. Load ratio of straw boiler economy, energy consumption, environmental emissions impact. The results show that the annual cost, energy utilization rate and carbon dioxide emission of a single boiler with a capacity of 14 MW are 98.8 million yuan and 822 / 44,005 tons respectively. Carbon dioxide emissions are 64.8 million yuan and 778856 tons respectively. It is concluded that straw direct-fired boilers have a good prospect in energy consumption and environmental emissions although they are not economically dominant, followed by biomass blending ratio. The larger the load-bearing ratio is, the lower the pollutant emission is.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU995

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