活动水平对人体热感觉的影响

发布时间：2018-10-12 15:31

【摘要】：目前关于热舒适的研究大多数都还是针对活动水平较低（静坐）的室内环境展开的，而实际生活中办公建筑内的居住者并非一直处于静坐状态。同时，在某些建筑中，如商场、娱乐、车站、候机厅等，人群处于活动水平较高且变化频繁的状态，现有的热舒适研究成果在这些情况下的适用性受到不同程度的限制。其主要原因是在较高活动水平下，人体的产热和换热等过程与静坐时具有较大的差异，常用的热感觉评价指标和预测模型等均出现了评价不合理或预测值出现较大偏差的现象。因此，在较高活动水平下进行的人体热舒适研究，就不能盲目遵循以往的在静态活动水平下得出的结论，而应该重视活动水平的变化带来的影响。为了找出在较高活动水平下人体对外界刺激的生理和心理响应特性，研究活动水平对人体热感觉的影响，利用实验研究与问卷调查相结合的手段，通过数理统计和生理理论分析的方法，研究了中性及偏凉温度环境下活动水平对人体热感觉的影响。通过对实验结果的分析，主要得出以下结论： 1）当人体处于较高活动水平状态时，皮肤温度不再能准确表征人体的热感觉。在活动水平突变后的一段时间里，皮肤温度不能准确表征人体的热感觉，二者出现了相“分离”的现象，这跟人体处于静态时的研究所得出的结论不同。活动水平的变动愈频繁，，平均皮温愈难以准确表征人体热感觉的变化。 2）对于同等的活动水平的组合及相同的持续时间，人体热感觉对活动水平的渐变减弱比活动水平的渐变增强更敏感。 3）活动水平对人体热感觉的影响随着环境温度的变化而有所不同，具体表现为环境温度愈高，活动水平对人体热感觉的影响愈小；反之环境温度愈低，活动水平对人体热感觉的影响愈大。 4）人体处于非静态行为特别是较高活动水平时，PMV模型不再能准确预测人体的热感觉，预测值与实测值的差距随活动量的增加而增加。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the researches on thermal comfort are aimed at the indoor environment with low level of activity (sit-in), but the occupants of office buildings are not always in the state of sit-in real life. At the same time, in some buildings, such as shopping mall, entertainment, station, terminal and so on, the crowd is in the state of high level of activity and frequent changes. The main reason is that the processes of heat production and heat transfer of human body are different from those of sitting at a higher activity level, and the evaluation indexes and prediction models of thermal sensation in common use appear unreasonable evaluation or large deviation of prediction value. Therefore, the study of human body thermal comfort at a higher activity level should not blindly follow the previous conclusions reached under the static activity level, but should pay attention to the influence brought by the change of the activity level. In order to find out the physiological and psychological response characteristics of human body to external stimuli at a higher level of activity and to study the effect of activity level on human body thermal sensation, the method of combining experimental research with questionnaire survey was used. By means of mathematical statistics and physiological theory analysis, the effect of activity level on human body thermal sensation under neutral and cool temperature was studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) when the human body is in a high level of activity, the skin temperature can no longer accurately represent the human body's thermal sensation. In a period of time after the activity level mutation, the skin temperature can not accurately represent the human body's thermal sensation, the two appear the phenomenon of phase "separation", which is different from the conclusion that the human body is in static state. The more frequent changes in activity levels, the more difficult it is for the average skin temperature to accurately characterize changes in the body's thermal sensation. 2) for the same combination of activity levels and the same duration, Thermal sensation is more sensitive to gradual weakening of activity level than gradual increase of activity level. 3) the effect of activity level on human body thermal sensation varies with the change of environmental temperature, the more the environmental temperature is, the higher the environmental temperature is. The effect of activity level on human thermal sensation is smaller, whereas the environmental temperature is lower, The greater the effect of activity level on thermal sensation of human body. 4) when the human body is in non-static behavior, especially at a higher level of activity, the PMV model can no longer accurately predict the thermal sensation of human body. The difference between the predicted value and the measured value increases with the increase of activity.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU111

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