地下车库通风量及气流分布研究
发布时间：2018-10-15 06:52
【摘要】：地下停车库是随着城市地上停车问题严重而被兴建的。由于地下车库处于封闭或半封闭的状态,外界的阳光和空气很难进入车库内,使得车库内污染物浓度超标,从而影响人体的身体健康。车库内污染物种类很多,尤其以CO数量最多,对人体的健康危害最大,因此在地下车库通风设计中通常以CO为研究对象,只要保证CO的浓度值在允许范围内,那么车库内其他污染物浓度也一定在允许范围内。由于影响车库内污染物浓度的因素很多以及车库内污染物浓度具有动态等特点,所以在确定车库内通风量时应该综合考虑各个影响因素。随着汽油质量的提高,汽车释放污染物的数量也随之减少,传统的运用换气次数法计算车库内通风量的方法难免会造成能源的浪费。本研究采用全面通风换气法确定车库内所需通风量,通过分析比较各个经验公式,得到理想的计算通风量的方法。随着地下车库在城市中的日益增加,能耗问题也随之引起人们的关注。在研究车库内通风效果的同时,也要同时考虑通风所产生的能耗。我国建筑能耗在总能耗中占有相当大的比例,因此,在地下车库通风方式的选取中不仅要考虑气流组织效果,满足人员的卫生要求,要考虑经济性,能源的浪费也将造成环境的污染。由于自然通风方式存在受外界环境的影响比较大以及通风效果不好等缺点,所以在地下车库通风设计中常用机械通风方式代替。地下车库通风设计中应用最广泛的两种机械通风方式为传统的风管式通风和无风管诱导式通风,这两种通风方式各有其优缺点。地下车库根据防火等级分为四种类型,本文将针对沈阳某类地下车库的气流组织进行研究,对风管式通风系统和无风管诱导通风系统进行对比,其中将风管式通风系统设置成两种气流分布方式,分别为中间送风两侧排风和一侧送风对侧排风。对比分析这三种气流分布方式下该车库内的气流组织效果以及排除污染物能力。数值模拟应用于气流组织分析方面已经很成熟,本文应用FLUENT软件对车库内速度场以及CO浓度场进行模拟,然后运用TECPLOT软件对模拟结果进行后处理,最后通过分析车库内几个典型截面的速度场以及CO浓度场,对其进行气流组织评价,得到适合所研究车库的通风方式,从而为该类型车库的设计提供依据。近年来,在地下车库排风方式的选取中,通常采用上排1/3～1/2、下排1/2～2/3的排风方式,但是很多研究对此提出质疑,而且这个规定距现在已经有很长的时间,在这期间没有对排风方式制定新的规定。有研究表明,车库内CO密度与空气密度相差不大,汽车排放的CO温度也很高,高温的CO会漂浮在车库的上部,这样设置下排风会加大初投资,造成能源的浪费。本文通过分析汽车内燃料的燃烧机理以及尾气排放机理,得出汽车排放的尾气大部分集中在车库上部,因此设计中只需要设置上排风口即可排放车库内污染物。最后,通过对模拟结果进行气流组织评价,得出诱导通风方式在排除车库内污染物方面优于风管式通风方式,在风管式通风风湿的两种不同形式的气流分布中,采用中间送风两侧排风的气流分布方式的气流组织效果优于一侧送风对侧排风。
[Abstract]:The underground parking garage is built with serious parking problems on the ground. As the underground garage is in a closed or semi-closed state, the external sunlight and air are difficult to enter into the garage, so that the concentration of pollutants in the garage exceeds the standard, thereby affecting the health of the human body. There are many kinds of pollutants in the garage, especially in the quantity of CO, which is the most harmful to the human health. Therefore, in the underground garage ventilation design, CO is usually used as the research object, so long as the concentration value of CO is ensured to be within the allowable range, then the concentration of other contaminants within the garage must also be within the allowable range. Due to the many factors that affect the concentration of pollutants in the garage and the dynamic characteristics of pollutant concentration in the garage, the influencing factors should be considered comprehensively in determining the amount of ventilation in the garage. With the improvement of gasoline quality, the quantity of pollutants released by automobiles is also reduced, and the traditional method for calculating the ventilation quantity in the garage by using the ventilation times method is difficult to avoid the waste of energy. In this study, a comprehensive ventilation and ventilation method was adopted to determine the required ventilation in the garage, and the ideal calculation and ventilation method was obtained by analyzing the empirical formulas. With the increasing of underground garages in cities, the problem of energy consumption also attracts people's attention. In the study of the ventilation effect in the garage, the energy consumption generated by ventilation is also taken into account. The energy consumption of building in China occupies a large proportion in the total energy consumption. Therefore, in the selection of the underground garage ventilation mode, not only the air flow organizing effect is taken into account, but the sanitation requirement of personnel is met, and the environment pollution is also caused by the waste of energy. Due to the large influence of natural ventilation and bad ventilation effect, mechanical ventilation is often used in underground garage ventilation design. In the underground garage ventilation design, the most widely used mechanical ventilation modes are traditional air-pipe ventilation and air-duct-free ventilation, both of which have their advantages and disadvantages. The underground garage is divided into four types according to the fire rating. In this paper, the air flow structure of a certain kind of underground garage in Shenyang is studied, and compared with the air duct ventilation system and the air duct-free ventilation system, the wind-pipe ventilation system is set into two air flow distribution ways. and air supply on both sides of the middle air supply is respectively provided with air supply on both sides of the middle air supply to exhaust the side air. The effect of air flow in the garage and the ability of pollutant discharge were compared and analyzed in this paper. Numerical simulation has been applied to the analysis of gas flow, and FLUENT software is applied to simulate the velocity field and CO concentration field in the garage, then the simulation result is post-processed by using the TECPLOT software. Finally, the velocity field and CO concentration field of several typical sections in the garage are analyzed. air-flow tissue evaluation is carried out to obtain a ventilation mode suitable for the garage to be studied, thereby providing a basis for the design of the type garage. In recent years, in the selection of the underground garage air exhaust mode, the air exhausting mode of 1/ 3 ~ 1/ 2 and the next row 1/ 2 ~ 2/ 3 is usually adopted, but many research questions are put forward, and this regulation distance is now very long, and there is no new regulation to the air exhaust method during this period. Research shows that CO density in the garage is different from air density, CO temperature of automobile emission is also high, CO at high temperature floats on the upper part of the garage, so the lower exhaust can increase initial investment and cause waste of energy. In this paper, by analyzing the combustion mechanism of fuel in automobile and the mechanism of tail gas emission, it is concluded that most of the tail gas from automobile is concentrated in the upper part of the garage, so it is only necessary to set the air outlet in the design to discharge the pollutants in the garage. Finally, by air-flow organization evaluation on the simulation results, it is concluded that the inducing ventilation mode is superior to the air-tube ventilation mode in eliminating the pollutants in the garage, and in the airflow distribution in two different forms of the wind-tube ventilation rheumatism, The air flow distribution method adopting the air flow distribution mode of the air exhaust on both sides of the middle air supply is better than that of one side air supply on the side air exhaust.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU962
本文编号：2271722
[Abstract]:The underground parking garage is built with serious parking problems on the ground. As the underground garage is in a closed or semi-closed state, the external sunlight and air are difficult to enter into the garage, so that the concentration of pollutants in the garage exceeds the standard, thereby affecting the health of the human body. There are many kinds of pollutants in the garage, especially in the quantity of CO, which is the most harmful to the human health. Therefore, in the underground garage ventilation design, CO is usually used as the research object, so long as the concentration value of CO is ensured to be within the allowable range, then the concentration of other contaminants within the garage must also be within the allowable range. Due to the many factors that affect the concentration of pollutants in the garage and the dynamic characteristics of pollutant concentration in the garage, the influencing factors should be considered comprehensively in determining the amount of ventilation in the garage. With the improvement of gasoline quality, the quantity of pollutants released by automobiles is also reduced, and the traditional method for calculating the ventilation quantity in the garage by using the ventilation times method is difficult to avoid the waste of energy. In this study, a comprehensive ventilation and ventilation method was adopted to determine the required ventilation in the garage, and the ideal calculation and ventilation method was obtained by analyzing the empirical formulas. With the increasing of underground garages in cities, the problem of energy consumption also attracts people's attention. In the study of the ventilation effect in the garage, the energy consumption generated by ventilation is also taken into account. The energy consumption of building in China occupies a large proportion in the total energy consumption. Therefore, in the selection of the underground garage ventilation mode, not only the air flow organizing effect is taken into account, but the sanitation requirement of personnel is met, and the environment pollution is also caused by the waste of energy. Due to the large influence of natural ventilation and bad ventilation effect, mechanical ventilation is often used in underground garage ventilation design. In the underground garage ventilation design, the most widely used mechanical ventilation modes are traditional air-pipe ventilation and air-duct-free ventilation, both of which have their advantages and disadvantages. The underground garage is divided into four types according to the fire rating. In this paper, the air flow structure of a certain kind of underground garage in Shenyang is studied, and compared with the air duct ventilation system and the air duct-free ventilation system, the wind-pipe ventilation system is set into two air flow distribution ways. and air supply on both sides of the middle air supply is respectively provided with air supply on both sides of the middle air supply to exhaust the side air. The effect of air flow in the garage and the ability of pollutant discharge were compared and analyzed in this paper. Numerical simulation has been applied to the analysis of gas flow, and FLUENT software is applied to simulate the velocity field and CO concentration field in the garage, then the simulation result is post-processed by using the TECPLOT software. Finally, the velocity field and CO concentration field of several typical sections in the garage are analyzed. air-flow tissue evaluation is carried out to obtain a ventilation mode suitable for the garage to be studied, thereby providing a basis for the design of the type garage. In recent years, in the selection of the underground garage air exhaust mode, the air exhausting mode of 1/ 3 ~ 1/ 2 and the next row 1/ 2 ~ 2/ 3 is usually adopted, but many research questions are put forward, and this regulation distance is now very long, and there is no new regulation to the air exhaust method during this period. Research shows that CO density in the garage is different from air density, CO temperature of automobile emission is also high, CO at high temperature floats on the upper part of the garage, so the lower exhaust can increase initial investment and cause waste of energy. In this paper, by analyzing the combustion mechanism of fuel in automobile and the mechanism of tail gas emission, it is concluded that most of the tail gas from automobile is concentrated in the upper part of the garage, so it is only necessary to set the air outlet in the design to discharge the pollutants in the garage. Finally, by air-flow organization evaluation on the simulation results, it is concluded that the inducing ventilation mode is superior to the air-tube ventilation mode in eliminating the pollutants in the garage, and in the airflow distribution in two different forms of the wind-tube ventilation rheumatism, The air flow distribution method adopting the air flow distribution mode of the air exhaust on both sides of the middle air supply is better than that of one side air supply on the side air exhaust.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU962
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