龙游艾公洞古洞室及其所在边坡的工程地质力学研究
发布时间：2018-10-20 19:14
【摘要】：龙游石窟是我国古代最高水平的地下人工建筑群之一,集人文、艺术、文化、工程技术于一体,是世界地下空间开发利用的一大奇观。但是,在历经岁月沧桑的过程中,由于人为的和自然力的破坏,龙游石窟遭受不同程度的损害或破坏。为更好地保护龙游石窟,使其能得到更好的开发与利用,必须对其进行长期保护与规划。因此,研究龙游石窟中的艾公洞围岩可能出现的变形破坏及其所处边坡可能出现的崩塌和滑坡等地质灾害,提出相应的加固保护方案与建议,以形成艾公洞长期保护的对策与方案,这具有重要的理论和现实意义。在前人研究工作的基础上,本文通过现场调查、测绘和室内数值模拟等手段对艾公洞古洞室的形成历史原因、洞前河床淤积情况、洞室围岩及其所在边坡的工程地质条件和变形破坏形态等开展了一系列工作,其主要成果如下：(1)艾公洞修建原因主要有两种说法,其洞前平均淤积速度推算约为0.107～0.120m/年。结合艾公洞入口通道处右上方存在一个开凿形状象古代门拱结构的图形,提出了两种“地质探洞”猜想。工程地质岩体结构类型大体上属于整体状和块状结构,可按连续介质力学模型进行分析与计算。(2)洞室顶板四周各角落部位和中央部位在一定时期内均会处于相对较为稳定的阶段,顶板的拉弯受力满足安全要求,变形也很小。洞室围岩的外鼓变形量相对也较小,出现洞室围岩的向内鼓曲破坏的可能性极低。(3)因整个洞室处于一个陡坡位置,朝着南面洞口外(坡面)方向的位移虽然发展不大,但在相当长一段时间内较难稳定,可能在漫长的时间里主要沿着破裂滑动面产生剪切-错动破坏,因此就长期保护来说建议对其进行加固处理。(4)洞室西边墙粉砂质泥岩夹层的倾角约为220,为逆向陡坡,起到了缓解或扩散裂缝端部形成的局部应力集中,阻止了各裂缝不断向下发展的趋势。但其风化的速度远比泥质粉砂岩要大的多,这将导致洞室西边墙岩体位于泥质夹层以上的岩石可能分块脱落,随着时间的发展而逐渐掏空,势必加速洞室的破坏。(5)针对艾公洞古洞室及其所在边坡破坏情况分析及预测,提出洞室防风化措施和岩石锚杆物理加固的长期保护对策,以防止洞室陡坡沿着滑动面可能产生的滑动破坏。
[Abstract]:Longyou Grottoes is one of the highest level underground artificial buildings in ancient China, which integrates humanities, art, culture and engineering technology, and is a great spectacle of the development and utilization of underground space in the world. However, during the vicissitudes of life, the Longyou grottoes suffered different degrees of damage or destruction due to the destruction of human and natural forces. In order to better protect Longyou grottoes and enable them to be better developed and utilized, it is necessary to protect and plan Longyou grottoes for a long time. Therefore, this paper studies the possible deformation and destruction of surrounding rock of Aigong Cave in Longyou Grottoes and the geological disasters such as collapse and landslide that may occur on the slope, and puts forward corresponding reinforcement and protection schemes and suggestions. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to form the long-term protection countermeasures and schemes of Ai Gongdong. On the basis of previous research work, this paper, by means of field investigation, surveying and mapping and indoor numerical simulation, analyzes the historical reasons for the formation of ancient caverns in Ai Gongdong, and the deposition of riverbed in front of the cave. A series of works have been carried out on the engineering geological conditions and deformation and failure patterns of the surrounding rock and slope of the cavern. The main results are as follows: (1) there are two main reasons for the construction of the Aigong tunnel, and the average sedimentation velocity in front of the tunnel is estimated to be about 0.107~0.120m/ year. There is a figure in the upper right of the entrance passage of Heai Gongdong, which resembles the structure of the ancient door arch, and two kinds of "geological exploration holes" conjecture are put forward. The structural types of engineering geological rock mass are generally integral and massive. The mechanical model of continuous medium can be used to analyze and calculate. (2) every corner and center part of the roof around the cavern will be in a relatively stable stage in a certain period, and the tension and bending force of the roof can meet the safety requirements and the deformation is very small. The deformation of the surrounding rock is relatively small, and the possibility of collapse of the surrounding rock is very low. (3) because the whole cavern is in a steep slope position, the displacement towards the south side of the tunnel is not very large. But it is difficult to be stable for quite a long time, which may cause shear-dislocation failure mainly along the fracture slip surface for a long time. Therefore, in terms of long-term protection, it is suggested to strengthen it. (4) the inclination of silty mudstone intercalation in the west wall of the cavern is about 220, which is a reverse steep slope, which has alleviated or diffused the local stress concentration formed at the end of the fracture. This prevents the downward trend of the cracks. However, the weathering rate is much faster than that of muddy siltstone, which will result in the rocks located above the muddy intercalation in the west wall of the cavern possibly falling off in pieces, and gradually hollowed out with the development of time. It is inevitable to accelerate the destruction of caverns. (5) according to the analysis and prediction of the ancient caverns and their slopes in Ai Gongdong, the weathering prevention measures of the caverns and the long-term protection countermeasures for the physical reinforcement of rock anchors are put forward. To prevent the cavern steep slope along the sliding surface may cause sliding damage.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU45
本文编号：2284124
[Abstract]:Longyou Grottoes is one of the highest level underground artificial buildings in ancient China, which integrates humanities, art, culture and engineering technology, and is a great spectacle of the development and utilization of underground space in the world. However, during the vicissitudes of life, the Longyou grottoes suffered different degrees of damage or destruction due to the destruction of human and natural forces. In order to better protect Longyou grottoes and enable them to be better developed and utilized, it is necessary to protect and plan Longyou grottoes for a long time. Therefore, this paper studies the possible deformation and destruction of surrounding rock of Aigong Cave in Longyou Grottoes and the geological disasters such as collapse and landslide that may occur on the slope, and puts forward corresponding reinforcement and protection schemes and suggestions. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to form the long-term protection countermeasures and schemes of Ai Gongdong. On the basis of previous research work, this paper, by means of field investigation, surveying and mapping and indoor numerical simulation, analyzes the historical reasons for the formation of ancient caverns in Ai Gongdong, and the deposition of riverbed in front of the cave. A series of works have been carried out on the engineering geological conditions and deformation and failure patterns of the surrounding rock and slope of the cavern. The main results are as follows: (1) there are two main reasons for the construction of the Aigong tunnel, and the average sedimentation velocity in front of the tunnel is estimated to be about 0.107~0.120m/ year. There is a figure in the upper right of the entrance passage of Heai Gongdong, which resembles the structure of the ancient door arch, and two kinds of "geological exploration holes" conjecture are put forward. The structural types of engineering geological rock mass are generally integral and massive. The mechanical model of continuous medium can be used to analyze and calculate. (2) every corner and center part of the roof around the cavern will be in a relatively stable stage in a certain period, and the tension and bending force of the roof can meet the safety requirements and the deformation is very small. The deformation of the surrounding rock is relatively small, and the possibility of collapse of the surrounding rock is very low. (3) because the whole cavern is in a steep slope position, the displacement towards the south side of the tunnel is not very large. But it is difficult to be stable for quite a long time, which may cause shear-dislocation failure mainly along the fracture slip surface for a long time. Therefore, in terms of long-term protection, it is suggested to strengthen it. (4) the inclination of silty mudstone intercalation in the west wall of the cavern is about 220, which is a reverse steep slope, which has alleviated or diffused the local stress concentration formed at the end of the fracture. This prevents the downward trend of the cracks. However, the weathering rate is much faster than that of muddy siltstone, which will result in the rocks located above the muddy intercalation in the west wall of the cavern possibly falling off in pieces, and gradually hollowed out with the development of time. It is inevitable to accelerate the destruction of caverns. (5) according to the analysis and prediction of the ancient caverns and their slopes in Ai Gongdong, the weathering prevention measures of the caverns and the long-term protection countermeasures for the physical reinforcement of rock anchors are put forward. To prevent the cavern steep slope along the sliding surface may cause sliding damage.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU45
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