寒地低层钢木结构住宅低碳设计研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 08:10

【摘要】：进入到21世纪以后,全球气候变暖、资源枯竭和环境污染严重,而目前国内寒地区域正面临着城镇化的进程,住宅建设迅速增长,其产生的能耗不断加大,二氧化碳排放量也急剧上升,同时,寒地现有的住宅结构体系在其“生命周期”内无法满足居住者的对功能的使用的变化和健康舒适度等方面的需求。针对上述情况,结合寒地的气候特点和居住者的生活习惯,本文提出钢木结构这一现代木结构体系框架下的低层住宅形式,并研究了这种结构形式在国内外的发展情况及现状,同时归纳总结了其结构上具有的自重轻、抗风、抗震性能强、空间灵活的优势和经济上其具有的施工方便、工期短、对熟练技术工人的依赖低、综合造价低以及其满足产业化和可持续发展的需求等优势。针对钢木结构的优势和特点以及寒地现行结构体系下的低层住宅的现状,继而提出了以“长寿”“三节”和被动式为代表的低碳设计理念,并结合托马斯·赫尔佐格的双户住宅和日本积水实验性钢木结构住宅等实例加以说明。通过对寒地低层钢木结构住宅的平面、空间及外围护结构的设计研究,具体分析在这些方面的设计过程中对低碳理念的体现。通过寒地低层住宅的平面现状研究,总结出目前寒地低层住宅存在的问题。在此基础之上结合低碳设计理念,对寒地低层钢木结构住宅的温度梯度场平面设计“全寿命”周期的平面设计进行研究,同时对其空间的热环境设计、风环境设计及“炕”空间设计进行了研究。而在产生能耗最大的外围护结构方面,通过对钢木结构外墙构造、龙骨的类型与间距及保温材料的研究以及外窗与屋顶的设计研究,进一步证明其设计上的节能低碳性。通过eQUEST软件模拟,验证了在“标准模型”下,寒地低层钢木结构住宅的年使用能耗要小于钢筋混凝土结构等寒地现行结构体系下的低层住宅的年使用能耗,而采用低碳措施的低层钢木结构住宅其使用能耗更低。同时,利用碳排放量的计算公式,结合模拟出的年使用能耗,计算出“标准模型”下的寒地低层钢木结构住宅“生命周期”内的二氧化碳排放量,并与寒地现行结构体系的低层住宅相比较,从不同阶段进一步验证了钢木结构体系的低碳性。通过对寒地低层钢木结构住宅的设计研究,并与寒地现行结构体系相比较,从多个角度证明了寒地低层钢木结构住宅在低碳化设计方面具有很大的优势,可以成为未来寒地低层住宅的发展方向。
[Abstract]:After entering the 21st century, global warming, resource depletion and environmental pollution are serious. At present, the cold region in China is facing the process of urbanization, housing construction is growing rapidly, and its energy consumption is increasing. At the same time, the existing residential structure system in the cold region can not meet the needs of the occupants in their "life cycle" in terms of the changes in the use of their functions and their health and comfort. In view of the above situation, combined with the climatic characteristics of the cold region and the living habits of the residents, this paper puts forward the steel and wood structure, which is a low-rise residence form under the framework of the modern wooden structure system, and studies the development and present situation of this structure form at home and abroad. At the same time, it summarizes its advantages of light weight, wind resistance, strong seismic performance, flexible space, easy construction, short construction period and low dependence on skilled workers. The comprehensive cost is low and it satisfies the industrialization and the sustainable development demand and so on superiority. In view of the advantages and characteristics of steel and wood structures and the present situation of low-rise residential buildings under the current structure system in cold regions, the concept of low-carbon design, represented by "longevity" and "three sections" and passive design, is put forward. Examples of Thomas Herzog's double-family residence and Japanese experimental steel-wood structure house with stagnant water are also given. Through the research on the design of plane, space and outer enclosure structure of the low-rise steel-wood structure residence in the cold region, the paper analyzes the embodiment of low-carbon concept in the design process of these aspects. Through the study of the plane status of the low-rise residence in the cold region, the problems of the low-rise residence in the cold region are summarized. Based on the concept of low carbon design, the "whole life" period plane design of temperature gradient field plane design of low-rise steel-timber structure residence in cold region is studied, and the space thermal environment design is also studied. Wind environment design and "Kang" space design were studied. On the other hand, in the aspect of exterior envelope structure, the structure of exterior wall, the type and spacing of keel and insulation material, and the design of outer window and roof are studied, which further prove the energy saving and low carbon property of the design of steel and wood structure, and the research of the type and spacing of the keel as well as the design of the outer window and roof. Through the simulation of eQUEST software, it is verified that under the "standard model", the annual energy consumption of the low-story steel-timber structure residence in cold region is less than that of the low-story residence under the current structure system of reinforced concrete structure. The energy consumption of the low-rise steel-wood structure residence is lower than that of the low-carbon residence. At the same time, using the calculation formula of carbon emissions, combined with the simulated annual energy consumption, the carbon dioxide emissions in the "life cycle" of low-rise steel-timber residential buildings in the cold region under the "standard model" are calculated. Compared with the low-rise residence of the current structure system in the cold region, the low-carbon property of the structure system of steel and wood is further verified from different stages. Through the research on the design of low-rise steel-wood structure residence in cold area, and compared with the current structure system in cold area, it is proved from many angles that the low-story steel-timber structure residence in cold area has great advantages in low carbonization design. May become the future cold area low-rise residence's development direction.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.91;TU398.6

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