高分子增强气凝胶复合隔热材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 12:22

【摘要】：纳米多孔气凝胶材料具有低密度、低导热系数、超疏水性、耐高温等优点，在隔热保温领域和建筑节能领域具有广阔的应用前景，但其力学性能差，需要通过增强手段使其达到工程应用的要求。本文以增强气凝胶力学性能并维持其良好的隔热性能为研究目标，以三种不同结构微纳米结构高分子材料（静电纺微米颗粒、微米颗粒/微纳米纤维混合、微纳米纤维）为增强增韧相，通过溶胶-凝胶法和常压干燥制备出一系列气凝胶隔热复合材料。研究发现，三种微纳米结构的高分子材料增强气凝胶复合材料均具有较好成块性，结构稳定性较纯气凝胶有了明显的提高，三种复合材料的导热系数分别为0.039W·m-1·K-1、0.032W·m-1·K-1、0.027W·m-1·K-1，且均具有良好的疏水性能；研究了溶剂类型、配比及改性等对高分子增强气凝胶复合材料性能的影响。以DMSO为溶剂制备出的气凝胶具有更好的可见光透过性，制备出的复合材料的力学性能较以EtOH为溶剂制备出的复合材料抗弯曲强度提升了4.5倍；将EtOH量增大1倍可制备出更低密度（0.17g·cm-3）和更小导热系数（0.022W·m-1·K-1）的高分子材料增强气凝胶复合材料。将高分子溶液与气凝胶复合制备出了高分子增强气凝胶复合材料，一定量的高分子与前驱液混合制备出的复合材料具有较好的保温隔热性能（0.025W·m-1·K-1）及较低的密度（0.19g·cm-3），且具有良好的疏水性能；抗压强度较气凝胶提升了7倍。本文制备出了微纳米结构高分子材料增强气凝胶复合材料，且研究了溶剂类型及改性工艺对复合材料性能的影响，有望通过优化工艺制备性能更好的材料。
[Abstract]:Nano-porous aerogel has the advantages of low density, low thermal conductivity, super hydrophobicity, high temperature resistance, etc. It has a broad application prospect in the field of thermal insulation and building energy conservation, but its mechanical properties are poor. It needs to be enhanced to meet the requirements of engineering applications. In order to enhance aerogels' mechanical properties and maintain good thermal insulation, three kinds of macromolecular materials with different structures (electrospun micron particles, micron particles / microfibers) were used in this paper. A series of aerogel thermal insulation composites were prepared by sol-gel method and atmospheric pressure drying. It was found that all of the three kinds of microstructures reinforced aerogel composites had better agglomeration, and the structure stability was obviously improved than that of pure aerogels. The thermal conductivity of the three kinds of composites is 0.039 W m-1 K-1N 0.032 W m-1 K-1N 0.027 W m-1 K-1.The effects of solvent type, ratio and modification on the properties of polymer reinforced aerogel composites are studied. The aerogels prepared with DMSO as solvent have better visible light transmittance, and the mechanical properties of the composites prepared with EtOH as solvent are 4.5 times higher than that of the composites prepared with EtOH as solvent. The polymer reinforced aerogel composites with lower density (0.17g cm-3) and lower thermal conductivity (0.022W m-1 K-1) were prepared by increasing the EtOH content by one time. Polymer reinforced aerogel composites were prepared by combining polymer solution with aerogel. The composite prepared by mixing a certain amount of high molecular weight with precursor liquid has better thermal insulation property (0.025 W m-1 K-1) and lower density (0.19 g cm-3), and has good hydrophobicity, and the compressive strength is 7 times higher than that of aerogel. In this paper, micronanostructured polymer reinforced aerogel composites were prepared, and the effects of solvent type and modification process on the properties of the composites were studied.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU551;TU599

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