广州市海珠湿地果园景观改造研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 11:15

【摘要】：本文以海珠湿地果园为研究对象，对果园历史、现状和存在的问题等内容进行探讨，并在此基础上进行果园改造模式、改造要点和改造方案的研究，研究内容和结果如下。（1）分析改造背景，指出海珠湿地果园改造的迫切性，海珠湿地果园景观改造属于都市农业湿地景观的改造范畴。（2）梳理了海珠湿地果园的历史发展脉络，总结了果园的保护历程。果园的历史悠久，从汉代萌芽，经历魏晋南北朝和唐宋时期的发展，在明清时期达到“溪上人家多种树，荔枝龙眼致豪华”的果园胜景，清末社会动荡，果园遭到破坏，建国后恢复发展，但远未达到之前水平。自上个世纪90年代开始，海珠湿地果园经历了从划定果树保护区、整顿违法建设、拆除违章建筑和河涌改造的基础保护阶段，再到由“租地”建公园到“征地”建海珠湖和湿地公园的全面保护阶段的探索。（3）查清了海珠湿地果园现状。在调查区域内，果树有11科、14属、16种，种植数量最大的果树是黄皮（Clausena lansium），占调查总数的61.8%，，其次是龙眼（Dimocarpus longan）、阳桃（Averrhoa carambola）、荔枝（Litchi chinensis），分别占调查总数的19.1%、13.4%、1.7%，其余果树占4%。果园自然地理条件优越，河涌水系丰富，珠江三角洲湿地特征明显，以河网果基的果林景观为特色。但是，果园也存在土地被蚕食、生态环境恶化、果园生产力衰减、保护利用阶段性与长远性相冲突的问题。（4）针对现状问题，结合相关案例分析，提出坚持依靠自然的力量，通过生态的控制，辅以人工调节，达致（花）果香有味、树绿多彩、水清见鱼的优美农业景象的改造理念，归纳出5种果园改造模式。认为用地范围规划、果园植被恢复、河涌水体改造、道路场地梳理是果园改造的重点。给出了果树丰富和植物群落构建的参考树种，并针对果园河涌Zn、Cd污染严重的现状，列举了15种既能抗污染、又能净化水质的不同类型的水生植物。（5）进行果园景观改造实践，研究了上涌果树公园景观现状，并进行改造分析，最后提出把公园改造成仲恺——海珠农业科技园的方案。上涌果树公园湿地植物比较丰富，有43科、63属、68种，其中果树9种。采用科普教育改造模式，以国家级农业科技园区为建设目标，与广东海珠国家湿地公园相呼应共成长，成为广州市生态文明建设的靓丽名片。把公园分成十大功能区，分别从地形、植被、水体等景观元素进行改造分析，给出了枯树复绿、道路景观优化和水体改造的方法。
[Abstract]:Taking Haizhu Wetland Orchard as the research object, this paper discusses the history, present situation and existing problems of the orchard, and on the basis of this, studies the pattern, key points and scheme of the orchard transformation. The research contents and results are as follows. The main contents are as follows: (1) the background of the transformation is analyzed and the urgency of the transformation of Haizhu wetland orchard is pointed out. The transformation of Haizhu wetland orchard landscape belongs to the category of urban agricultural wetland landscape transformation. (2) combing the historical development of Haizhu wetland orchard and summing up the course of orchard protection. The orchard has a long history. From the bud of Han Dynasty, it experienced the development of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties and Tang and Song dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it reached the orchards scenic spot of "many trees on the stream and the longan of litchi to be luxurious", the social turbulence in the late Qing Dynasty, and the destruction of the orchard. After the founding of the people's Republic of China resumed development, but far from the previous level. Since the 1990s, Haizhu Wetland Orchard has gone through the basic protection stage, which includes designating fruit tree reserves, rectifying illegal construction, demolishing illegal buildings and rebuilding rivers. Then the exploration of the comprehensive protection stage from "land lease" to "land requisition" to the construction of Haizhu Lake and Wetland Park. (3) the present situation of Haizhu wetland orchard was investigated. In the investigation area, there are 16 species of 11 families, 14 genera and 14 genera of fruit trees. The largest number of fruit trees planted is yellow peel (Clausena lansium), which accounts for 61.8% of the total number of investigated fruit trees, followed by longan (Dimocarpus longan), yangtao (Averrhoa carambola), litchi (Litchi chinensis),. The other fruit trees accounted for 4. 7% of the total. The orchard has superior natural geographical conditions, rich river system and obvious wetland characteristics in the Pearl River Delta, which is characterized by the fruit forest landscape based on the river network. However, orchards also exist the problems of land encroachment, ecological environment deterioration, orchard productivity decay, protection and utilization stages and long term conflict. (4) in view of the present situation, combining with the analysis of relevant cases, it is proposed to insist on relying on the force of nature, through ecological control, with artificial adjustment, to achieve (flower) fruity flavor, green and colorful trees. The transformation idea of beautiful agricultural scene of water and clear fish is summarized, and 5 kinds of orchard transformation modes are concluded. It is considered that land scope planning, orchard vegetation restoration, river water body reconstruction and road site combing are the key points of orchard reconstruction. In this paper, the reference tree species for fruit tree richness and plant community construction are given. In view of the serious Zn,Cd pollution in the river bore in the orchard, 15 different types of aquatic plants which can resist pollution and purify water quality are listed. (5) carry on the orchard landscape transformation practice, studied the landscape present situation of the fruit tree park in Shangyong, and carried on the transformation analysis, finally put forward the plan of transforming the park into Zhongkai-Haizhu agricultural science and technology park. There are 68 species in 63 genera of 43 families in Shangyong Fruit Tree Park, 9 of which are fruit trees. Adopting the reform mode of popular science education, taking the national agricultural science and technology park as the construction target, and growing up with Guangdong Haizhu National Wetland Park, it has become the beautiful business card of the ecological civilization construction of Guangzhou. The park was divided into ten functional areas. The landscape elements such as topography, vegetation and water were transformed and analyzed, and the methods of restoration of dead trees, optimization of road landscape and water body were given.
【学位授予单位】：仲恺农业工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU986.5

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