可持续建筑全寿命周期评价

发布时间：2018-10-29 19:39

【摘要】：近年来，随着节能减排的呼声越来越高，建筑领域的节能势在必行。但实际情况是，决策者节能环保意识较先进国家明显淡薄，单从建设成本出发，忽视了建筑的运营和维护成本，盲目做出方案决策。推行可持续建筑，一方面可以有效的节约能源和资源，，保证我国经济快速稳定健康发展，另一方面可以保护生态环境，减少建筑污染物的排放，同时，还能够提供给住户舒适的居住环境，降低成本的同时提高建筑质量，从宏观到微观都具有重要的现实意义。很多国内外专家学者一直致力于可持续建筑的全寿命周期的理论研究，并有了一定的成果，但各有各的思路，对于可持续建筑全寿命周期评价的研究，还没有形成系统的理论体系和方法论。本文在介绍国内外现状的基础上，结合全寿命周期理论和可持续建筑的评价理论，提出了基于资金时间价值的全寿命周期成本的估算方法，将建筑成本划分为建筑主体成本、围护结构成本、采暖制冷成本和配套设施成本，并以此作为经济效益的评价依据，根据调查问卷的成果，通过主成分分析法确定非经济效益的指标，构建完整的全寿命周期评价指标体系，采用定性与定量相结合的层次分析法确定指标权重，模糊综合评价法确定评价分值，再利用BP神经网络模型加以检验，最后通过普通建筑、节能建筑和被动式建筑的方案比较，针对实际情况选择最优决策方案。对于评价过程中使用的多种处理数据的方法，通过matlab软件中函数处理数据的功能，快速便捷的计算得到可靠结果，提高了运算的效率和准确性。论文用三角函数的方式将经济效益指标的量化值作为依据构造评价矩阵，实现了全寿命周期成本与全寿命周期评价的有效结合，另外，BP神经网络的成功应用，验证了评价方法的合理性。本文从经济效益和非经济效益两方面着手建立可持续建筑全寿命周期评价指标体系，根据各自的特点采取了相关的定性与定量方法，得到了预期结果，旨在为可持续建筑发展提供理论支持，为企业做出建筑方案决策提供参考，为政府继续推进可持续建筑的建设提供依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing calls for energy conservation and emission reduction, energy conservation in the field of construction is imperative. But the actual situation is that the consciousness of energy saving and environmental protection of decision-makers is obviously weak in advanced countries, only from the cost of construction, ignoring the cost of operation and maintenance of buildings, blindly making project decisions. On the one hand, sustainable building can effectively save energy and resources, and ensure the rapid, stable and healthy development of our economy, on the other hand, it can protect the ecological environment and reduce the emission of building pollutants, at the same time, It can also provide a comfortable living environment, reduce the cost and improve the building quality, from macro to micro have important practical significance. Many experts and scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the theoretical research of the life cycle of sustainable building, and have achieved some results, but each has its own ideas, for the study of the evaluation of the life cycle of sustainable building, There is no systematic theoretical system and methodology. On the basis of introducing the present situation at home and abroad, combining the theory of whole life cycle and the theory of evaluation of sustainable building, this paper puts forward the method of estimating the cost of life cycle based on the value of capital time, and divides the cost of building into the cost of main body of construction. The cost of enclosure structure, heating and refrigeration cost and supporting facilities cost are used as the evaluation basis of economic benefit. According to the results of questionnaire, the index of non-economic benefit is determined by principal component analysis. A complete index system of life cycle evaluation is constructed. The index weight is determined by AHP combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis, the evaluation score is determined by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the BP neural network model is used to test it. Finally, through the comparison of common building, energy-saving building and passive building, the optimal decision scheme is selected according to the actual situation. For a variety of data processing methods used in the evaluation process, through the function processing function in matlab software, the reliable results can be obtained quickly and conveniently, and the efficiency and accuracy of the calculation can be improved. In this paper, the quantitative value of economic benefit index is taken as the basis of constructing the evaluation matrix by trigonometric function, which realizes the effective combination of the whole life cycle cost and the whole life cycle evaluation. In addition, the successful application of BP neural network, The rationality of the evaluation method is verified. In this paper, the evaluation index system of the whole life cycle of sustainable building is established from the two aspects of economic benefit and non-economic benefit. According to their characteristics, the qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted, and the expected results are obtained. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical support for the development of sustainable buildings, to provide reference for enterprises to make decisions on construction schemes, and to provide the basis for the government to continue to promote the construction of sustainable buildings.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5

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