不同结构构件的动力响应检测方法

发布时间：2018-11-03 20:47

【摘要】：建筑材料在整个工程中扮演着重要的角色,从材料性质上可分为金属类(以钢管、钢板为代表)和非金属类(以混凝土为代表);从形态上可分为线状材料如钢管,板状材料如钢板和喷射混凝土,体状材料如塔吊和混凝土结构等。对上述几种材料的无损检测方法虽然很多,但判断一种方法的优劣主要看其检测结果是否正确;其次则要考虑是否容易实现。本文根据一维应力波理论和平面薄板中应力波传播理论,分别建立了不同工况下的室内模型试验;采用utekl动态信号采集仪采集试验数据,并应用Matlab软件重现振动波形,再利用小波的多分辨率分析和长度分形维方法提取分析真实的信息,最后再对比分析不同工况下模型的动态响应信号,由此建立了几种形态材料无损检测的测试和评价机制。本文主要对以下几个方面进行了研究:(1)在前人的理论研究基础上,分析一维应力波传播理论和平面薄板中应力波传播理论,为后期室内模型试验的建立提供理论依据;(2)根据应力波在介质中传播规律和应力波能量机制的分析,结合本文所研究内容,总结了应力波传播能量衰减形式和总衰减系数与主频率之间的关系,为后续试验设计及结果分析提供了分析方法;(3)针对金属类材料的无损检测,以钢管为代表,在实验室内设计了不同工况下的钢管模型,即不同长度两端自由钢管模型和经锈蚀除锈、损伤后的不同长度钢管模型,分别对不同工况下的测试结果进行提取分析;(4)针对非金属类材料的无损检测,以普通混凝土薄板为代表,在实验室内设计了不同强度等级的试验模型,并测试了不同工况下的混凝土薄板动态响应曲线;(5)运用Matlab软件重现振动波形,再利用小波的多分辨率分析和长度分形维方法,对室模型试验进行了对比分析和计算,建立了振动波形与各个工况参数之间的关系,得到了能够表征对材料无损检测的几个重要参数,即小波分量频谱图、主频率值、首波整周期和能量总衰减系数。
[Abstract]:Building materials play an important role in the whole project. They can be divided into metal (steel pipe, steel plate) and non-metal (represented by concrete) in terms of material properties. It can be divided into linear material such as steel tube, plate material such as steel plate and shotcrete, body material such as tower crane and concrete structure. Although there are many nondestructive testing methods for the above mentioned materials, judging the merits of a method mainly depends on whether the test results are correct or not. Secondly, it is necessary to consider whether it is easy to realize. Based on the theory of one-dimensional stress wave and the theory of propagation of stress wave in plane thin plate, the indoor model tests under different working conditions are established in this paper. The utekl dynamic signal acquisition instrument is used to collect the test data and the Matlab software is used to reproduce the vibration waveform. The real information is extracted by using the wavelet multi-resolution analysis and the length fractal dimension method. Finally, the dynamic response signals of the model under different working conditions are compared and analyzed, and the testing and evaluation mechanisms of several kinds of nondestructive testing for morphological materials are established. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: (1) based on the previous theoretical research, the one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory and the stress wave propagation theory in the plane thin plate are analyzed, which provides the theoretical basis for the establishment of the later indoor model test; (2) according to the analysis of stress wave propagation law and stress wave energy mechanism in medium, combined with the research content of this paper, the relationship between stress wave propagation energy attenuation form and total attenuation coefficient and main frequency is summarized. It provides an analytical method for the design of the subsequent test and the analysis of the results. (3) aiming at the nondestructive testing of metal materials, the model of steel pipe under different working conditions is designed in the laboratory, that is, the model of free steel pipe with different lengths and the model of steel pipe of different length after rust removal and damage. The test results under different working conditions were extracted and analyzed respectively. (4) aiming at the nondestructive testing of nonmetallic materials, the test models of different strength grades are designed in the laboratory, and the dynamic response curves of concrete thin plates under different working conditions are tested. (5) using the Matlab software to reproduce the vibration waveform, and then using the wavelet multi-resolution analysis and length fractal dimension method, the comparative analysis and calculation of the chamber model test are carried out, and the relationship between the vibration waveform and the parameters of each working condition is established. Several important parameters which can be used to characterize the nondestructive testing of materials are obtained, which are the wavelet component spectrum, the main frequency value, the first wave integral period and the total attenuation coefficient of energy.
【学位授予单位】：河南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU317

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