典型住宅建筑全生命周期碳排放计算模型及案例研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 10:26

【摘要】：当前全球变暖带来的环境问题越来越严重,二氧化碳的排放也越来越受到人们的关注。而全球三分之一的碳排放与建筑行业有关,因此量化计算碳排放意义重大。本文基于工业工程方法论,结合了全生命周期评价法(LCA)的基本理论和框架,总结筛选了能源以及主要建材碳排放因子,建立了典型住宅建筑全生命周期碳排放的数学计算模型。并且选取了成都市10栋典型住宅建筑进行案例计量,量化在生命周期里碳排放的具体情况。同时基于BIM模型对其中一栋住宅的性能进行了系统研究,并借助计量数据详细地分析了碳排放不同阶段的特征,为节能减排提供具体措施。本文把生命周期分成了建材生产阶段、施工建造阶段、运行维护阶段、拆解阶段以及回收阶段,通过清单统计了住宅建筑碳排放计量数据。结果表明,在全生命周期中平均单位建筑面积碳排放量为1.957t/m2,其中建材开采阶段为0.466t/m2,施工阶段为0.032t/m2,运行维护阶段为1.757t/m2,拆除处置阶段为0.015t/m2,回收阶段可在建材开采生产阶段抵减的碳排放量均值为0.313t/m2。运行维护阶段碳排量最高,占到整个周期的89.80%,因此合理控制建筑使用期间的碳排放量对节能减排效果明显。
[Abstract]:The environmental problems caused by global warming are becoming more and more serious, and carbon dioxide emissions have attracted more and more attention. 1/3 of the world's carbon emissions are related to the construction industry, so quantitative calculation of carbon emissions is of great significance. Based on the methodology of industrial engineering and the basic theory and framework of (LCA), this paper summarizes and selects the factors of carbon emission from energy and main building materials. The mathematical model of carbon emission in the whole life cycle of typical residential buildings is established. Ten typical residential buildings in Chengdu are selected to measure the carbon emissions in the life cycle. At the same time, based on the BIM model, the performance of one of the residential buildings is systematically studied, and the characteristics of different stages of carbon emissions are analyzed in detail with the help of measurement data, which provides specific measures for energy saving and emission reduction. In this paper, the life cycle is divided into building materials production stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, disassembly stage and recovery stage. The carbon emission metering data of residential buildings are counted through inventory. The results show that the average carbon emission per unit building area in the whole life cycle is 1.957 t / m ~ (2), in which the building materials mining stage is 0.466t / m ~ (2), the construction stage is 0.032 t / m ~ (2), the operation and maintenance stage is 1.757 t / m ~ (2). The removal and disposal stage is 0.015 t / m ~ (2), and the average carbon emission from recovery stage is 0.313 t / m ~ (2) at the stage of building materials mining and production. The carbon emission in operation and maintenance stage is the highest, accounting for 89.80% of the whole cycle, so reasonable control of carbon emissions during the use of buildings has obvious effect on energy saving and emission reduction.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5;TU111.195

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