天津城市空间扩展中的生态足迹动势研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 10:57

【摘要】：近几十年来随着经济社会的发展,生态环境问题日益突出,可持续发展成为当前的重点。天津是我国北方滨海城市,城市空间扩展中,对资源的需求增长,生态压力扩大。为了美丽天津的加速建设,本文结合天津市自身情况,对生态足迹模型进行了本地化、国家公顷法、增加污染物和水资源账户以及纳入湿地和海洋资源利用的一系列改进后,根据1990-2012年间天津市资源的生产和消耗情况,对市域生态环境状况进行了测算分析,并基于土地利用总体规划等预测了天津市未来可持续发展情况,提出对策建议。研究期间,天津市城市空间扩展中,建设用地侵占生产性土地,人口快速增长,化石能源消耗增长,导致资源消耗、污染物排放增多,生态足迹总量增加,生态承载力总量下降,生态赤字加剧,生态环境承受压力加大,生态状况总体呈恶化态势,发展可持续性降低。具体表现为:天津市1990-2012年间,人均生态足迹增长了432%,生态承载力减少了24%,生态赤字增长了630%。特别是近十年来生态足迹和生态赤字增长迅速,主要是化石能源消耗量的持续增长导致的。天津市1990-2012年间,万元GDP生态足迹下降了79.1%,其中1990-1998年间降幅最大,表明天津市的土地产能和资源利用效率不断提高。经济发展对生态资源的依赖度降低,对科学技术的依赖度提高。天津市1990-2012年间,生态压力指数波动性增长,2012年达到23.13,区域始终处于极不安全的生态状态,且安全状况逐年恶化。从1990到2012年,天津市生态足迹多样性指数降低,生态系统稳定性越来越差。由于生态足迹增长幅度远高于多样性指数的降低幅度,生态经济系统的发展能力指数呈现缓慢的增长。对2020年天津市生态环境的预估表明,未来天津市生态环境压力会进一步增大。要实现可持续发展,重点是控制人口增长,减少化石能源的使用量,降低CO2排放。同时,控制污染源,减少大气、污水等污染物排放;保护并增加以耕地为代表的生产性土地面积,提高单位面积土地产量。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, with the development of economy and society, ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, sustainable development has become the focus of the current. Tianjin is a coastal city in the north of China. In the expansion of urban space, the demand for resources increases and the ecological pressure increases. In order to accelerate the construction of beautiful Tianjin, this paper has localized the ecological footprint model, increased the pollutant and water resources accounts, and incorporated a series of improvements in wetland and marine resources utilization, including the localization of the ecological footprint model, the national hectare method, the addition of pollutant and water resources accounts, and the incorporation of wetland and marine resources utilization. According to the production and consumption of resources in Tianjin from 1990 to 2012, the ecological environment of Tianjin was calculated and analyzed, and the sustainable development of Tianjin in the future was forecasted based on the overall planning of land use, and the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward. During the study period, during the expansion of urban space in Tianjin, the construction land occupied productive land, the population increased rapidly, and the consumption of fossil energy increased, which led to the consumption of resources, the increase of pollutant emissions, and the increase of the total ecological footprint. The total ecological carrying capacity decreases, the ecological deficit intensifies, the ecological environment is under increased pressure, and the ecological situation is deteriorating, and the sustainability of development is reduced. From 1990 to 2012 in Tianjin, the ecological footprint per capita increased by 432.The ecological carrying capacity decreased by 24 percent, and the ecological deficit increased by 630000. In particular, the ecological footprint and ecological deficit have increased rapidly in recent ten years, mainly due to the continuous growth of fossil energy consumption. From 1990 to 2012, the ecological footprint of GDP decreased by 79.1 yuan in Tianjin, and the decline was the biggest between 1990 and 1998, indicating that the land productivity and resource utilization efficiency in Tianjin were improving continuously. Economic development is less dependent on ecological resources and more dependent on science and technology. From 1990 to 2012, the fluctuation of ecological pressure index in Tianjin increased to 23.13 in 2012. The region is always in an extremely unsafe ecological state, and the security situation is deteriorating year by year. From 1990 to 2012, the ecological footprint diversity index of Tianjin decreased and ecosystem stability became worse and worse. Because the increase of ecological footprint is much higher than the decrease of diversity index, the index of development ability of eco-economic system is increasing slowly. The prediction of Tianjin's ecological environment in 2020 indicates that the pressure of Tianjin's ecological environment will be further increased in the future. To achieve sustainable development, the emphasis is to control population growth, reduce the use of fossil energy, and reduce CO2 emissions. At the same time, the pollution sources should be controlled, the discharge of pollutants such as atmosphere and sewage should be reduced, the productive land area represented by cultivated land should be protected and increased, and the land yield per unit area should be increased.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.113

【相似文献】