基于FDS的建筑走廊火灾烟气数值模拟研究
发布时间：2018-11-08 16:12
【摘要】：公寓式建筑一直都是火灾频发并且伤亡人数较大的一类建筑,此类建筑中人员成分复杂,存在的可燃物量大,起火因素多,一旦发生火灾,便会造成很大的人员伤亡和经济损失。在众多的火灾事故研究分析中发现造成人员伤亡的主要因素是着火期间产生的大量烟气的存在。所以,在火灾的发生期间能否将烟气及时疏散和排出对建筑内人员安全逃生有着重大的关系。本文选择多层多室的走廊式学生公寓建筑为研究对象,运用FDS模拟研究单室内及走廊内的烟气蔓延。建筑物发生火灾时,人员的逃生路线为室内一走廊一楼梯一室外,而对于走廊式的建筑,走廊在人员疏散中的重要性更加明显。本文主要针对单室火灾烟气流动特性、不同火源热释放速率的走廊火灾烟气流动特性、不同起火位置的走廊火灾烟气流动特性、不同排烟条件的走廊火灾烟气流动特性进行数值模拟研究。在模拟研究中主要在走廊的水平和垂直方向针对火灾烟气的温度、能见度、CO浓度、CO2浓度、氧气浓度、烟气层高度等进行监测分析,从而得到走廊火灾烟气的流动特性规律。从模拟的结果可以得到结论：在走廊的水平方向,上层烟气中烟气的温度、CO浓度、CO2浓度等随着与火源距离的增加而降低,下层烟气中烟气的温度、CO浓度、CO2浓度等随着与火源距离的增加而增加,在最远点因受到墙壁等障碍物的阻挡,烟气下沉回流,在走廊尽头烟气的温度、CO浓度、CO2浓度、烟气颗粒密度最大。在垂直方向,从走廊顶棚向下,烟气的温度、CO、CO2浓度则要依次的降低。
[Abstract]:Apartment buildings have always been a class of buildings with frequent fires and a large number of casualties. Such buildings have complex personnel components, large quantities of combustible materials and many fire factors. Once a fire breaks out, Will cause a lot of casualties and economic losses. In the analysis of many fire accidents, it is found that the main cause of casualties is the existence of a large number of smoke during the fire. Therefore, whether the smoke can be evacuated and discharged in time during the fire is of great importance to the safe escape of the occupants in the building. In this paper, the multi-storey multi-room corridor apartment building is chosen as the research object, and the smoke spread in the single room and corridor is simulated by FDS. When a building fires, the escape route of personnel is an indoor corridor, a staircase and an outdoor, but for a corridor building, the corridor is more important in evacuation. This paper focuses on the characteristics of single chamber fire smoke flow, corridor fire smoke flow characteristics with different fire source heat release rates, and corridor fire smoke flow characteristics with different fire locations. Numerical simulation of flue gas flow characteristics in corridor fires with different exhaust conditions was carried out. In the simulation study, the temperature, visibility, CO concentration, CO2 concentration, oxygen concentration and flue gas height of the fire smoke were monitored and analyzed in the horizontal and vertical direction of the corridor, and the flow characteristics of the fire smoke in the corridor were obtained. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that in the horizontal direction of corridor, the temperature of flue gas, the concentration of CO, the concentration of CO2 in the upper flue gas decrease with the increase of the distance between the flue gas and the fire source, and the temperature of the flue gas in the lower layer, the concentration of CO in the lower flue gas, and so on. The concentration of CO2 increases with the increase of distance from the fire source. At the furthest point it is blocked by wall and other obstacles, the smoke sinks and reflows. The temperature of flue gas at the end of the corridor, the concentration of CO, the concentration of CO2, and the density of flue gas particles are the largest. In the vertical direction, the flue gas temperature and CO,CO2 concentration will decrease in turn from the corridor roof down.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1
[Abstract]:Apartment buildings have always been a class of buildings with frequent fires and a large number of casualties. Such buildings have complex personnel components, large quantities of combustible materials and many fire factors. Once a fire breaks out, Will cause a lot of casualties and economic losses. In the analysis of many fire accidents, it is found that the main cause of casualties is the existence of a large number of smoke during the fire. Therefore, whether the smoke can be evacuated and discharged in time during the fire is of great importance to the safe escape of the occupants in the building. In this paper, the multi-storey multi-room corridor apartment building is chosen as the research object, and the smoke spread in the single room and corridor is simulated by FDS. When a building fires, the escape route of personnel is an indoor corridor, a staircase and an outdoor, but for a corridor building, the corridor is more important in evacuation. This paper focuses on the characteristics of single chamber fire smoke flow, corridor fire smoke flow characteristics with different fire source heat release rates, and corridor fire smoke flow characteristics with different fire locations. Numerical simulation of flue gas flow characteristics in corridor fires with different exhaust conditions was carried out. In the simulation study, the temperature, visibility, CO concentration, CO2 concentration, oxygen concentration and flue gas height of the fire smoke were monitored and analyzed in the horizontal and vertical direction of the corridor, and the flow characteristics of the fire smoke in the corridor were obtained. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that in the horizontal direction of corridor, the temperature of flue gas, the concentration of CO, the concentration of CO2 in the upper flue gas decrease with the increase of the distance between the flue gas and the fire source, and the temperature of the flue gas in the lower layer, the concentration of CO in the lower flue gas, and so on. The concentration of CO2 increases with the increase of distance from the fire source. At the furthest point it is blocked by wall and other obstacles, the smoke sinks and reflows. The temperature of flue gas at the end of the corridor, the concentration of CO, the concentration of CO2, and the density of flue gas particles are the largest. In the vertical direction, the flue gas temperature and CO,CO2 concentration will decrease in turn from the corridor roof down.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1
【参考文献】
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1 李雷;谢Y，
本文编号：2319003
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