深圳南山区居住小区建成环境对居民出行行为影响研究
发布时间：2018-11-10 18:03
【摘要】：伴随着中国城镇化进程的快速推进,在人口不断涌向城市的同时,机动车辆在城市中也快速的增长。快速的城市机动化不仅引发了交通拥堵,还产生了一系列的环境问题,如大气污染、交通噪声以及尾气排放等。为进一步了解交通问题产生的根源,同时降低由交通出行所带来的能源消耗与空气污染,有必要对与交通息息相关的居民出行进行研究。目前关于居民出行的研究有很多,研究的重点也涉及到出行时间、出行方式、出行距离以及影响出行的因素等方面。居民出行特征同样也会受到城市规模、城市空间形态以及个人家庭方面的影响。近年来,国外开始从城市尺度以及社区尺度研究建成环境对居民出行的影响,并得到直观的量化数据用以指导城市设计以及交通规划。但国内还停留在基本的交通出行调查方面,单纯的扩大道路建设和利用政策法规的限制对现阶段城市交通问题而言是治标不治本的。因此,需要从城市的现状建成环境入手,通过挖掘对居民出行影响的建成环境因素,为城市的交通规划以及更新设计提供建设性意见。深圳市作为改革开放的前沿城市,在短短三十年之间发生了巨大的变化,城市规模、空间布局以及建成环境都发生了改变,目前深圳正在经历着经济结构转等新时期发展变革,城市的方方面面必将发生更加深刻的变化。本文的研究目的是研究并理解城市建成环境对居民出行产生影响的大程度,为从城市规划和交通管理角度解决和减缓城市交通问题和居民出行提供决策依据,期望通过研究发现深圳市南山区不同居住小区中居民出行的模式、变化规律及其对相关影响因素的反应,并将之应用到城市交通与城市空间的规划、设计、建设与管理中去。本文结合深圳的实际建设发展情况,首先,通过与国外相关研究的比对确定建成环境的五个因素指标:强度、多样性、设计、目的地可达性以及公交换乘距离。分别用小区的容积率、土地利用多样性、周边道路网密度、距区中心距离以及周边公交线路条数加以量化。其次,根据深圳关内关外的区位特征、居住区的建成年代及房屋权属因素,选取南山区内的6个居住小区作为研究对象。所选的调研小区涵盖了商品房、城中村、保障性住房、单位小区等不同的小区类型。再次,根据深圳市人均住房面积以及平均每个家庭户的人口,确定每个调研小区的调研户数,通过入户问卷调查的形式获取居民在工作日和周末的出行信息。最后,根据所得建成环境数据、个人家庭属性以及居民出行数据构建结构方程模型,得出建成环境对居民出行的影响系数加以分析并得出相应结论。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the population is flocking to cities, and motor vehicles are also growing rapidly in cities. The rapid motorization of cities not only causes traffic congestion, but also causes a series of environmental problems, such as air pollution, traffic noise and exhaust emissions. In order to further understand the root causes of traffic problems and reduce the energy consumption and air pollution caused by traffic travel, it is necessary to study residents' travel which is closely related to traffic. At present, there are a lot of studies on residents' travel, and the research focuses on travel time, travel mode, travel distance and factors affecting travel. The travel characteristics of residents are also affected by the size of the city, the shape of the urban space and the personal family. In recent years, foreign countries began to study the impact of built environment on residents' travel from urban scale and community scale, and get intuitive quantitative data to guide urban design and traffic planning. But in China, it is still in the aspect of basic traffic trip investigation. The simple expansion of road construction and the restriction of using policies and regulations is not a permanent solution to the urban traffic problem at the present stage. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the present situation of the city and to provide constructive advice for the urban traffic planning and updating design by excavating the environmental factors that affect the residents' travel. Shenzhen, as a frontier city of reform and opening up, has undergone tremendous changes in the short span of 30 years. The scale of the city, the spatial layout and the built environment have all changed. At present, Shenzhen is undergoing a new period of development and transformation, such as the transformation of economic structure. All aspects of the city are bound to undergo more profound changes. The purpose of this paper is to study and understand the impact of urban built environment on residents' travel, and to provide a decision basis for solving and alleviating urban traffic problems and residents' travel from the perspective of urban planning and traffic management. It is expected to find out the patterns of residents' travel in different residential areas in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City and their responses to related factors, and apply them to the planning, design, construction and management of urban traffic and urban space. Based on the development of Shenzhen construction, firstly, five indexes of the built environment are determined by comparing with foreign research: intensity, diversity, design, destination reachability and bus transfer distance. The plot volume rate, land use diversity, the density of surrounding road network, the distance from the center of the area and the number of bus lines around the area were quantified respectively. Secondly, according to the location characteristics of Guaneiguan in Shenzhen, the age of completion of residential area and the factors of housing ownership, 6 residential areas in Nanshan District are selected as the research object. The selected research area covers different types of residential areas, such as commercial housing, urban villages, affordable housing, unit residential areas, and so on. Thirdly, according to the average housing area and the average population of each household in Shenzhen, determine the number of survey households in each research area, and obtain the travel information of residents on weekdays and weekends through the form of questionnaire survey. Finally, according to the completed environment data, the individual family attribute and the resident travel data, the structure equation model is constructed, and the influence coefficient of the built environment on the resident travel is analyzed and the corresponding conclusion is drawn.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.1;TU984.12
本文编号：2323196
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the population is flocking to cities, and motor vehicles are also growing rapidly in cities. The rapid motorization of cities not only causes traffic congestion, but also causes a series of environmental problems, such as air pollution, traffic noise and exhaust emissions. In order to further understand the root causes of traffic problems and reduce the energy consumption and air pollution caused by traffic travel, it is necessary to study residents' travel which is closely related to traffic. At present, there are a lot of studies on residents' travel, and the research focuses on travel time, travel mode, travel distance and factors affecting travel. The travel characteristics of residents are also affected by the size of the city, the shape of the urban space and the personal family. In recent years, foreign countries began to study the impact of built environment on residents' travel from urban scale and community scale, and get intuitive quantitative data to guide urban design and traffic planning. But in China, it is still in the aspect of basic traffic trip investigation. The simple expansion of road construction and the restriction of using policies and regulations is not a permanent solution to the urban traffic problem at the present stage. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the present situation of the city and to provide constructive advice for the urban traffic planning and updating design by excavating the environmental factors that affect the residents' travel. Shenzhen, as a frontier city of reform and opening up, has undergone tremendous changes in the short span of 30 years. The scale of the city, the spatial layout and the built environment have all changed. At present, Shenzhen is undergoing a new period of development and transformation, such as the transformation of economic structure. All aspects of the city are bound to undergo more profound changes. The purpose of this paper is to study and understand the impact of urban built environment on residents' travel, and to provide a decision basis for solving and alleviating urban traffic problems and residents' travel from the perspective of urban planning and traffic management. It is expected to find out the patterns of residents' travel in different residential areas in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City and their responses to related factors, and apply them to the planning, design, construction and management of urban traffic and urban space. Based on the development of Shenzhen construction, firstly, five indexes of the built environment are determined by comparing with foreign research: intensity, diversity, design, destination reachability and bus transfer distance. The plot volume rate, land use diversity, the density of surrounding road network, the distance from the center of the area and the number of bus lines around the area were quantified respectively. Secondly, according to the location characteristics of Guaneiguan in Shenzhen, the age of completion of residential area and the factors of housing ownership, 6 residential areas in Nanshan District are selected as the research object. The selected research area covers different types of residential areas, such as commercial housing, urban villages, affordable housing, unit residential areas, and so on. Thirdly, according to the average housing area and the average population of each household in Shenzhen, determine the number of survey households in each research area, and obtain the travel information of residents on weekdays and weekends through the form of questionnaire survey. Finally, according to the completed environment data, the individual family attribute and the resident travel data, the structure equation model is constructed, and the influence coefficient of the built environment on the resident travel is analyzed and the corresponding conclusion is drawn.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.1;TU984.12
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