兼顾老年人社会性活动需求的居住区景观设计要素的研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 18:23

【摘要】：随着住宅产业化的成熟和发展，居住环境的品质越来越受到人们的重视，特别是户外活动空间的景观特色很大程度上影响着人们户外活动的行为和环境感受。近年来，我国人口老龄化趋势明显，而老年人由于不受时间的制约，户外活动需求日益高涨。老年人受到自身的生理和心理因素影响，受到环境、距离、天气和人与人之间关系等外界因素影响很大，而且同伴群体性活动和社会性活动越来越频繁，因此有必要针对现有的居住区景观环境设计进行再思考，站在社会公益性福祉的角度，，提供能够兼顾老年人社会性活动的户外公共活动空间。本文在相关研究的基础上，以北京市朝阳区望京地区的居住区为调查对象，着重研究中老年居民群体性、社会性活动，分析使用状况与景观环境的关系、使用者评价和要求，从而得出相关建设性意见。关注被忽视的活动人群，为望京地区居住区环境空间的建设提出优化措施，进而总结出居住区户外活动空间兼顾老年人社会性活动的设计方法，探索人居环境空间景观优化措施方案，并为其他同类项目提供借鉴。数据分析采用使用后评价法。首先，分层次对相关指标选取，编写问卷分发。其次，在回收后使用AHP层次分析法求出相应指标的权重，然后设立评价分级标准，进行模糊综合评价对问卷回收的数据综合评判，得出调查目标居住区的户外活动空间景观现状的评价。经过对调查目标居住区活动情况的定点观察后得出的主观观察结果表明，7个居住区中的户外活动空间的景观设计不同目标存在不同情况，具有优良级别上的差异性。然后对回收的经居民评分调查问卷数据进行统计计算，以AHP求权重然后进行模糊综合评价的方法对各居住区进行环境评级，以客观计算的方法对由观察探讨得到的主观结果和意向进行印证。结果发现，在探讨得出的主观结果和客观计算得到的评价中存在着巨大差异，无论环境景观的优良好坏，在由活动参与居民打分问卷数据基础上进行模糊综合评价得出的评级来看，其整体都并不是十分适合老年人社会性活动的开展。经过对不同活动场地的对比分析，其原因主要在于我们对于活动空间场地其中承载的“活动”的认识缺失，现有的户外活动空间的功能设置在与当前老年人社会性活动的对应上存在着一定的矛盾，造成居住区中的户外活动空间没有被真正高效率使用。
[Abstract]:With the maturity and development of housing industrialization, people pay more and more attention to the quality of living environment, especially the landscape characteristics of outdoor activity space to a large extent affect people's outdoor activities behavior and environmental feelings. In recent years, the trend of aging population in China is obvious, but the demand for outdoor activities is rising day by day because the elderly are not restricted by time. The elderly are influenced by their own physical and psychological factors, by external factors such as environment, distance, weather and human relations, and more frequently by peer group activities and social activities. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the landscape environment design of existing residential areas, and to provide outdoor public activities space which can take account of the social activities of the elderly from the perspective of social welfare. On the basis of relevant research, this paper takes the residential area of Wangjing area, Chaoyang District, Beijing as the object of investigation, focusing on the study of the group and social activities of the middle-aged and elderly residents, the analysis of the relationship between the use status and the landscape environment, and the evaluation and requirements of the users. In order to obtain the relevant constructive comments. By paying close attention to the neglected people, the author puts forward the optimization measures for the construction of the environmental space of the residential area in Wangjing area, and sums up the design method of the outdoor activity space in the residential area taking into account the social activities of the elderly. To explore the residential environment spatial landscape optimization measures, and to provide reference for other similar projects. The method of post-use evaluation was used for data analysis. First of all, the selection of relevant indicators, the preparation of questionnaire distribution. Secondly, using AHP analytic hierarchy process to calculate the weight of the corresponding index after recovery, and then setting up the evaluation grading standard, and carrying on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to the comprehensive evaluation of the data recovered from the questionnaire. The present situation of outdoor activity landscape of target residential area is evaluated. The subjective observation results obtained by investigating the activity of the target residential area show that the landscape design of outdoor activity space in seven residential areas has different conditions and has the difference of fine level. Then, the data collected from the residents' score questionnaire are calculated statistically, and then the AHP is used to calculate the weight and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the environment of the residential areas. Objective calculation method is used to verify the subjective result and intention obtained from observation and discussion. The results show that there are great differences between the subjective results obtained from the discussion and the evaluations obtained by objective calculations, regardless of whether the environmental landscape is good or bad, According to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on the data of participating residents' score questionnaire, it is not very suitable for the elderly to carry out social activities as a whole. Through the comparative analysis of different activity sites, the main reason lies in our lack of understanding of the "activities" carried in the activity space sites. There are some contradictions between the function of the existing outdoor activity space and the current social activities of the elderly, which cause the outdoor activity space in the residential area not to be used with real high efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：中央美术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.12

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