液压挖掘机虚拟样机建模及其有限元分析
发布时间：2018-11-29 12:45
【摘要】：液压挖掘机作为重要的工程机械,在各项基础设施的建设中扮演着重要的角色。其主要工作装置在三个液压缸的驱动下完成各种作业动作,主要工作装置的结构性能直接决定工作时机器的灵活性、安全性,并影响其工作效率。挖掘机工作环境恶劣,运动形式复杂多变,工作部件经常出现局部甚至整体损坏,但是在设计之初各个部件的强度都是满足工作要求的。针对运动中的损坏,对结构的改进和优化一直是研究的难题。本文以某型号的液压挖掘机为研究对象,针对以上问题完成了以下几个方面的研究工作： (1)对液压挖掘机的主要工作装置进行了运动学和动力学的建模和理论分析,分析找出了不同挖掘方式下计算挖掘力、挖掘阻力和各个铰销点受力的方法,为后续的动力学仿真和有限元分析奠定了理论依据。 (2)以Solidworks和ADAMS软件为工具,建立了液压挖掘机的虚拟样机模型,通过仿真获得了整机的工作范围图和整个工作过程中各个铰销点的受力曲线图,为部件的强度分析提供了依据。对动臂的几个关键点进行了参数化设计,选择动臂与机身铰接点处的受力作为优化的设计变量并进行分析优化,找出了对结果影响较大的设计变量。通过优化改善了铰接点的受力,在一定程度上提高了工作装置的可靠性和安全性。 (3)在ANSYS Workbench环境下建立了挖掘机工作装置的有限元模型,通过分析计算得到了三种工况下动臂和斗杆的应力和应变云图,分析结果并对动臂的应力集中区域进行了结构改进,优化后的应力和应变较改进前分布更加均匀,保证了挖掘机工作的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator, as an important construction machinery, plays an important role in the construction of infrastructure. The main working device is driven by three hydraulic cylinders to complete all kinds of operations. The structure and performance of the main working device directly determine the flexibility and safety of the machine and affect its working efficiency. The working environment of excavator is bad, the movement form is complex and changeable, the working parts are often damaged locally or as a whole, but at the beginning of design, the strength of each component can meet the requirements of work. The improvement and optimization of the structure is always a difficult problem for the damage in motion. In this paper, a certain type of hydraulic excavator is taken as the research object, and the following research work is accomplished in view of the above problems: (1) the kinematics and dynamics modeling and theoretical analysis of the main working devices of the hydraulic excavator are carried out. The methods of calculating excavation force, excavating resistance and the force of each hinge pin point under different excavation methods are analyzed and found out, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent dynamic simulation and finite element analysis. (2) the virtual prototype model of hydraulic excavator is established by using Solidworks and ADAMS software. Through simulation, the working range diagram of the whole machine and the stress curve of each hinge pin point in the whole working process are obtained. It provides the basis for the strength analysis of the components. Parameterized design of several key points of the arm is carried out. The force at the joint point between the arm and the fuselage is selected as the optimum design variable, and the design variables which have a great influence on the results are found out. The stress of hinge joint is improved by optimization, and the reliability and safety of the working device are improved to a certain extent. (3) the finite element model of the excavator working device is established under ANSYS Workbench environment. The stress and strain cloud diagrams of the moving arm and the bucket rod under three working conditions are obtained through analysis and calculation. The results are analyzed and the structure of the stress concentration area of the moving arm is improved. The stress and strain distribution after optimization is more uniform than that before improvement, which ensures the working reliability of excavator.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU621
本文编号：2365033
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator, as an important construction machinery, plays an important role in the construction of infrastructure. The main working device is driven by three hydraulic cylinders to complete all kinds of operations. The structure and performance of the main working device directly determine the flexibility and safety of the machine and affect its working efficiency. The working environment of excavator is bad, the movement form is complex and changeable, the working parts are often damaged locally or as a whole, but at the beginning of design, the strength of each component can meet the requirements of work. The improvement and optimization of the structure is always a difficult problem for the damage in motion. In this paper, a certain type of hydraulic excavator is taken as the research object, and the following research work is accomplished in view of the above problems: (1) the kinematics and dynamics modeling and theoretical analysis of the main working devices of the hydraulic excavator are carried out. The methods of calculating excavation force, excavating resistance and the force of each hinge pin point under different excavation methods are analyzed and found out, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent dynamic simulation and finite element analysis. (2) the virtual prototype model of hydraulic excavator is established by using Solidworks and ADAMS software. Through simulation, the working range diagram of the whole machine and the stress curve of each hinge pin point in the whole working process are obtained. It provides the basis for the strength analysis of the components. Parameterized design of several key points of the arm is carried out. The force at the joint point between the arm and the fuselage is selected as the optimum design variable, and the design variables which have a great influence on the results are found out. The stress of hinge joint is improved by optimization, and the reliability and safety of the working device are improved to a certain extent. (3) the finite element model of the excavator working device is established under ANSYS Workbench environment. The stress and strain cloud diagrams of the moving arm and the bucket rod under three working conditions are obtained through analysis and calculation. The results are analyzed and the structure of the stress concentration area of the moving arm is improved. The stress and strain distribution after optimization is more uniform than that before improvement, which ensures the working reliability of excavator.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU621
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