地质构造缺陷对深埋地下工程震害的影响研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 23:32

【摘要】：地震是严重威胁人类生命财产安全的自然灾害之一。2008年“5.12”汶川地震是中国历史上极为罕见的地震,地震造成的人员伤亡和财产损失极为严重。本文在总结了国内外有代表性的隧道震害实例、震害类型和特点的基础上,概述了国内外隧道及地下工程抗震研究的现状及方法,并采用有限元数值模拟断层、破碎带等地质构造缺陷对隧道衬砌的影响,并模拟在破碎带处的衬砌与地层之间设置的隔震层的隔震效果。本文研究的地下工程位于龙门山断裂带上,处在汶川地震的发震带上,该工程在5.12汶川地震中损坏非常严重。我们在潘老师的带领下,专门成立了一个项目研究小组,几次到工程所在地进行实地考察,并对该工程进行数值模拟分析。本文首先对地质构造缺陷和地下工程抗震的研究现状进行阐述。第二章对与研究相关的有限元理论做了一个系统的阐述。然后在第三章系统介绍了工程的背景,主要是该工程所处的区域大地构造环境、龙门山断裂带和关于5.12汶川地震的一些背景资料介绍。第四章介绍了整个模型的建立过程。第五章则是对计算结果的整理分析,并得出结论。其次结合工程实际,以施加位移场的方式模拟断裂带(F1断层)的错动,以设置软弱层的方式模拟次级破碎带并在破碎带处的衬砌与围岩之间设置泡沫混凝土隔震层。通过数值模拟破碎带和隔震层对工程的影响。通过分析得出结论：破碎带的存在加大了结构的最大位移,并使结构局部变形过大形成位移突变和应力集中且应力均超过了材料强度设计值,但同时破碎带具有一定的耗能减震作用,在位移突变之后的结构位移会有所减小。在破碎带处的衬砌上设置隔震层以后,可以很好的缓解应力集中,又不大范围改变结构其他部分的应力,同时对结构的位移没有影响。最后,本文总结了研究中的一些问题和不足,提出了今后该课题研究进一步的发展方向和需要解决的问题。地下工程抗震的研究具有非常深远的实际意义,希望后续的研究工作继续深入,得出地下工程有效的抗震减震措施,从而更有力的保护人民的生命和财产。
[Abstract]:Earthquake is one of the natural disasters which seriously threaten the safety of human life and property. The May 12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 is an extremely rare earthquake in the history of China, resulting in very serious casualties and property losses. On the basis of summing up the typical examples, types and characteristics of earthquake damage of tunnels at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the present situation and methods of seismic research of tunnels and underground projects at home and abroad, and uses finite element method to simulate faults. The influence of geological structural defects such as broken zone on tunnel lining is simulated and the isolation effect of the isolation layer between the lining and the stratum in the broken zone is simulated. The underground engineering studied in this paper is located on the Longmenshan fault zone and in the earthquake generating zone of Wenchuan earthquake, which was seriously damaged in the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. Under the leadership of teacher Pan, we set up a project research team to visit the site of the project several times, and carry out numerical simulation analysis of the project. In this paper, first of all, the research status of geological structure defects and earthquake resistance of underground engineering is described. In the second chapter, the finite element theory related to the research is systematically expounded. Then in the third chapter, the background of the project is introduced systematically, mainly the regional tectonic environment of the project, the Longmenshan fault zone and some background information about the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The fourth chapter introduces the process of establishing the whole model. The fifth chapter is the collation and analysis of the calculation results, and draw a conclusion. Secondly, combined with engineering practice, the dislocation of fault zone (F1 fault) is simulated by applying displacement field, the secondary fracture zone is simulated by setting weak layer and foam concrete isolation layer is set up between lining and surrounding rock of broken zone. The influence of breakage zone and isolation layer on engineering is simulated numerically. Through analysis, it is concluded that the existence of broken zone increases the maximum displacement of the structure, and causes the local deformation of the structure to form a sudden change of displacement and stress concentration, and the stress exceeds the design value of the strength of the material. But at the same time, the breakage zone has the function of energy dissipation and vibration absorption, and the displacement of the structure will be reduced after the displacement changes. After setting the isolation layer on the lining of the broken zone, the stress concentration can be alleviated very well, and the stress of other parts of the structure can be changed in a small range, and the displacement of the structure is not affected at the same time. Finally, this paper summarizes some problems and shortcomings in the research, and puts forward the further development direction and problems to be solved in the future. The study of earthquake resistance of underground engineering is of great practical significance. It is hoped that further research work will be carried out to obtain effective seismic and seismic mitigation measures for underground engineering, so as to protect people's lives and property more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU93;TU311.3;P315.9

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