湖南清代文教建筑研究
发布时间：2018-12-15 08:14
【摘要】：清代,湖南文教建筑(学宫和书院)得到前所未有的发展,不仅数量上达到四百多所,处于全国前列,而且类型齐全,极具地方特色,成为湖南清代教育和湖湘文化的历史见证,有较大的研究价值空间。但遗憾的是,多年来对它们全面系统地研究并不多,更为严重的是,当时多达400多所的文教建筑至今仅剩下残缺不全的35所(17所学宫和18所书院),因此选择本课题进行研究,力图为传承和发展文教建筑艺术形象中蕴含的文化精神及文化遗产的合理保护而敬献绵薄之力。 本文基于对现存35处清代文教建筑的实地测绘图、摄录像和139张相关方志图,结合历史因素、自然因素、社会因素和文化因素四个方面,从官学和私学的角度,就发展历程、选址环境、功能布局、建筑形制和建筑装饰五个方面,研究湖南清代文教建筑独有的地域特色及其成因：在发展历程方面,分析出康熙二十年(1681年)至雍正末年(1735年)为湖南清代文教建筑数量最多、艺术成就最高的阶段；在选址环境方面,比较分析了湖南清代学宫选址与全国其它15省的相异之处,提出了以居于城市正中心为多的见解,书院选址则与全国书院大同小异；在功能布局方面,对全国学宫普遍以左庙右学为主和湖南学宫普遍以右庙左学的主因进行了剖析,对书院建筑则通过对各功能区及其庭院空间的量化分析,得出其以教学功能区为中心,对祭祀区的重视程度超过藏书区的结论；在建筑形制方面,则不局限于常见基本建筑类型,而增设较多祭孔乐舞仪式建筑,形成了丰富的建筑类型和形制；在建筑装饰方面,既反映出具有一定程式化的官式作法特点,又充分利用了湖南当地材料的质感和工艺特点进行艺术加工。以上五个方面就其本质而言,实际上已远远超出了建筑营造本身,而蕴含着更悠远的士文化精神和美学趣味,表达了以儒家思想为主体的中国传统文化意识,体现了湖湘文化不拘一格的创新精神。并以此为依据,形成了35份现状评估表和部分数字化信息管理档案,弥补了目前湖南清代文教建筑评估和数字化保护的不足。 本文成果分六章阐述：第一、二章,探讨湖南清代特有的历史因素、自然因素、社会因素和文化因素对文教建筑形成与发展的影响；第三、四章,从发展历程、选址环境、功能布局、建筑形制和建筑装饰五个方面分别研究湖南清代学宫和书院建筑；第五章综合比较学宫和书院建筑的异同；第六章,提出科学保护和利用湖南清代文教建筑的思路和方法。 全文正文约23万字,自绘自摄图片456幅,自绘图表51张。
[Abstract]:In the Qing Dynasty, Hunan's cultural and educational buildings (learning palaces and academies) achieved unprecedented development. Not only were they more than 400 in number, they were in the forefront of the country, and they were of complete types and had local characteristics. As the historical witness of Hunan Qing education and Huxiang culture, it has great research value space. Unfortunately, there has been little comprehensive and systematic study of them over the years, and more seriously, as many as 400 cultural and educational buildings were left with only 35 incomplete buildings (17 palaces and 18 academies). Therefore, we choose this subject to study, and try to contribute to the inheritance and development of the cultural spirit and the reasonable protection of cultural heritage contained in the cultural and educational architecture and art image. This paper is based on the surveying and mapping map of 35 cultural and educational buildings in the Qing Dynasty, videotaping images and 139 related maps, combining the four aspects of historical, natural, social and cultural factors, and from the perspective of official and private studies, the course of development. In the five aspects of location environment, functional layout, architectural form and architectural decoration, this paper studies the unique regional characteristics and causes of cultural and educational architecture in the Qing Dynasty in Hunan. Analysis of the Kangxi 20 years (1681) to the last period of Yongzheng (1735) is Hunan Qing Dynasty the largest number of cultural and educational buildings, the highest artistic achievement stage; In terms of location environment, this paper compares and analyzes the differences between the location of the academic palace in Hunan and the other 15 provinces in the whole country, and puts forward the opinion that there are more places in the center of the city, while the location of the academies is much the same as that of the academies of learning in the whole country. In the aspect of function layout, the main causes of the left temple and the right school are analyzed in the national learning palace and the Hunan school palace, and the quantitative analysis of each function area and its courtyard space is made to the academy building. It comes to the conclusion that it takes the teaching function area as the center and pays more attention to the sacrificial area than the library area. In the aspect of architectural form, it is not limited to the common basic architectural types, but the addition of more ritual buildings, forming a rich architectural type and shape; In the aspect of architectural decoration, it not only reflects the characteristic of official practice, but also makes full use of the texture and technology of Hunan local materials for artistic processing. In fact, the above five aspects, in essence, have gone far beyond the architectural construction itself, and contain a more distant cultural spirit and aesthetic interest, thus expressing the Chinese traditional cultural consciousness with Confucianism as the main body. It embodies the spirit of innovation of Huxiang culture. On the basis of this, 35 status assessment forms and some digitized information management files were formed, which made up for the deficiency of cultural and educational architecture evaluation and digital protection in Hunan Qing Dynasty. This paper is divided into six chapters: the first and second chapters discuss the influence of historical factors, natural factors, social factors and cultural factors on the formation and development of cultural and educational architecture in Hunan Qing Dynasty; The third and fourth chapters, from the development course, the location environment, the function layout, the architectural form and the architectural decoration, separately studies the Hunan Qing Dynasty learning palace and the academy architecture, the fifth chapter synthesizes the similarities and differences between the palace and the academy architecture; The sixth chapter puts forward the ideas and methods of scientific protection and utilization of cultural and educational buildings in Hunan Qing Dynasty. The text of the text is about 230000 words, self-drawing self-picture 456, self-drawing table 51.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-092
本文编号：2380319
[Abstract]:In the Qing Dynasty, Hunan's cultural and educational buildings (learning palaces and academies) achieved unprecedented development. Not only were they more than 400 in number, they were in the forefront of the country, and they were of complete types and had local characteristics. As the historical witness of Hunan Qing education and Huxiang culture, it has great research value space. Unfortunately, there has been little comprehensive and systematic study of them over the years, and more seriously, as many as 400 cultural and educational buildings were left with only 35 incomplete buildings (17 palaces and 18 academies). Therefore, we choose this subject to study, and try to contribute to the inheritance and development of the cultural spirit and the reasonable protection of cultural heritage contained in the cultural and educational architecture and art image. This paper is based on the surveying and mapping map of 35 cultural and educational buildings in the Qing Dynasty, videotaping images and 139 related maps, combining the four aspects of historical, natural, social and cultural factors, and from the perspective of official and private studies, the course of development. In the five aspects of location environment, functional layout, architectural form and architectural decoration, this paper studies the unique regional characteristics and causes of cultural and educational architecture in the Qing Dynasty in Hunan. Analysis of the Kangxi 20 years (1681) to the last period of Yongzheng (1735) is Hunan Qing Dynasty the largest number of cultural and educational buildings, the highest artistic achievement stage; In terms of location environment, this paper compares and analyzes the differences between the location of the academic palace in Hunan and the other 15 provinces in the whole country, and puts forward the opinion that there are more places in the center of the city, while the location of the academies is much the same as that of the academies of learning in the whole country. In the aspect of function layout, the main causes of the left temple and the right school are analyzed in the national learning palace and the Hunan school palace, and the quantitative analysis of each function area and its courtyard space is made to the academy building. It comes to the conclusion that it takes the teaching function area as the center and pays more attention to the sacrificial area than the library area. In the aspect of architectural form, it is not limited to the common basic architectural types, but the addition of more ritual buildings, forming a rich architectural type and shape; In the aspect of architectural decoration, it not only reflects the characteristic of official practice, but also makes full use of the texture and technology of Hunan local materials for artistic processing. In fact, the above five aspects, in essence, have gone far beyond the architectural construction itself, and contain a more distant cultural spirit and aesthetic interest, thus expressing the Chinese traditional cultural consciousness with Confucianism as the main body. It embodies the spirit of innovation of Huxiang culture. On the basis of this, 35 status assessment forms and some digitized information management files were formed, which made up for the deficiency of cultural and educational architecture evaluation and digital protection in Hunan Qing Dynasty. This paper is divided into six chapters: the first and second chapters discuss the influence of historical factors, natural factors, social factors and cultural factors on the formation and development of cultural and educational architecture in Hunan Qing Dynasty; The third and fourth chapters, from the development course, the location environment, the function layout, the architectural form and the architectural decoration, separately studies the Hunan Qing Dynasty learning palace and the academy architecture, the fifth chapter synthesizes the similarities and differences between the palace and the academy architecture; The sixth chapter puts forward the ideas and methods of scientific protection and utilization of cultural and educational buildings in Hunan Qing Dynasty. The text of the text is about 230000 words, self-drawing self-picture 456, self-drawing table 51.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-092
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