建筑寿命影响因素及延长建筑寿命策略研究

发布时间：2018-12-19 12:06

【摘要】：城市记忆是一个城市的灵魂，而建筑是城市记忆的主要载体之一，它既是城市功能的物化，又是城市文化传播的窗口。城市的发展伴随着新旧建筑的更新替代，这种更新替代的速度决定了建筑的寿命。改革开放之后，我国的城市化进程进入了一个全新的高速发展时期，大量城市的建筑新老交替速度加快，相当一部分建筑在远未达到设计使用年限便被拆除了。我国《民用建筑设计通则》对建筑耐久年限有着明确规定：重要建筑和高层建筑主体结构耐久年限为100年，一般建筑为50～100年，但现实生活中我国建筑寿命只有30年之长，建筑短命成为全国各地城市化进程中普遍存在的现象，这不仅对我国资源及能源造成了极大浪费，，对社会经济产生很大负面影响，而且破坏了我国城市文化的延续性，与我国提倡的科学发展观以及可持续发展的精神背道而驰。保护城市建筑以延长建筑寿命，提升城市价值认识，使城市文脉新旧延续，更能体现城市地方风采特色，符合我国建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的战略部署。本文的核心内容主要包括以下四部分：首先，本文介绍了我国建筑寿命相关概念并根据建筑的固有属性得出建筑寿命的内涵，包括建筑的功能寿命、经济寿命、物质寿命以及人文寿命。结合具体案例对我国建筑寿命现状进行分析，并运用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方式对建筑短命现象造成的社会资源层面、城市经济层面以及文化层面的负面影响进行了分析。其次，基于建筑寿命内涵对造成我国建筑短命现象的原因进行剖析，归纳为功能性原因、经济性原因、政治性原因及建筑拆除评价体系的缺失等原因。再次，针对我国建筑拆除评价指标体系缺失的现状，本文有针对性的建立了建筑拆除评价指标体系。基于此评价指标体系，可以判断建筑性能状态以及作为建筑拆除与否的合理依据，将建筑拆与建的定性问题以定量的指标作为决策基础。最后，结合建筑短命影响因素，根据延长建筑寿命的可靠度、满意度以及价值最大化的基准，提出了延长建筑寿命的功能性措施、经济性措施以及政治性措施以供参考建议。
[Abstract]:Urban memory is the soul of a city, and architecture is one of the main carriers of urban memory. It is not only the materialization of urban function, but also the window of the spread of urban culture. The development of city is accompanied by the replacement of old and new buildings, and the speed of replacement determines the life of buildings. After the reform and opening up, the urbanization process of our country has entered a new period of high speed development, a large number of urban buildings have been replaced by the old and the new, and a considerable number of buildings have been demolished before the design life is reached. The General principles of Civil Architectural Design in China clearly stipulate the durability of buildings: the durability of the main structure of important buildings and high-rise buildings is 100 years, and that of general buildings is 50 ~ 100 years, but the life span of Chinese buildings is only 30 years in real life. The short-lived construction has become a common phenomenon in the process of urbanization all over the country, which has not only caused a great waste of resources and energy in our country, but also had a great negative impact on social economy, and destroyed the continuity of urban culture in our country. It runs counter to the concept of scientific development and the spirit of sustainable development advocated by our country. To protect urban buildings in order to prolong the life of buildings, promote the understanding of urban value, make the old and new urban context continue, more can reflect the characteristics of urban local style, in line with our country to build a resource-saving, environment-friendly society strategic arrangements. The core content of this paper mainly includes the following four parts: firstly, this paper introduces the related concepts of building life in our country and obtains the connotation of building life according to the inherent property of building, including the functional life of building, economic life of building, and so on. Material life and human life. Combined with specific cases to analyze the current situation of building life in China, and use the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to the social resources level caused by the short-lived phenomenon of construction. The negative effects of urban economy and culture are analyzed. Secondly, based on the connotation of building life, this paper analyzes the causes of the short-life phenomenon of Chinese buildings, and concludes the causes as functional reasons, economic reasons, political reasons and the lack of evaluation system of building demolition and so on. Thirdly, aiming at the lack of evaluation index system of building demolition in our country, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of building demolition. Based on this evaluation index system, we can judge the performance state of building and take it as the reasonable basis for building demolition. The qualitative problem of building demolition and construction is based on quantitative index. Finally, according to the criteria of reliability, satisfaction and value maximization, the functional measures, economic measures and political measures for prolonging the life of buildings are put forward for reference.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201

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