现代主义建筑观探析

发布时间：2018-12-20 14:16

【摘要】：随着社会的发展，建筑技术在不断的进步。随着社会思想的改变，欧洲国家的建筑观也随之产生了变化，发生了多次有关于建筑的改革运动。建筑原本所承载的文化意义、历史意义在逐渐消失，而建筑的社会政治功能日益凸显。这样的转折来源于现代主义建筑运动。本文分为四大部分，通过对现代主义建筑观的分析，，从现代主义建筑观形成和发展过程中探求建筑的本质，寻求一种正确的，有利于社会发展的建筑思想。第一部分，主要阐述了现代主义建筑观的起源。从欧洲的建筑起源——古希腊古罗马建筑观开始，分别论述了在不同的社会时期，社会阶级和社会思想的变革对建筑观的影响。第二个部分，主要探讨了现代主义建筑观的发展，论述了现代主义建筑观产生的必然性和重要性。现代主义建筑是社会发展的产物，反映了欧洲社会转型时代的政治、经济和精神文化的变革。第三个部分，主要分析了现代主义建筑观发展异化的原因。一方面是因为外部环境的影响：二战后，资本主义把现代主义建筑设计作为挽救经济和调和社会矛盾的手段。另一方面是因为现代主义建筑观内在的矛盾性：现代主义建筑观产生时强调自身为大众服务，是民主的设计思想，但它却由小众的社会精英发起，最后演变成为中产阶级服务的，单调独裁的设计风格。第四个部分，对现代主义建筑观带来的“困境”进行了思考。探讨了现代主义建筑观给人类带来“生存的困境”和“栖居的困境”的根本原因：即现代主义建筑后期，建造的目的是为了资本主义经济的发展，而不是单纯为了人类的“栖居”，导致了自然和人类社会的危机。此部分最后对人类社会“为何建筑”和今后“如何建筑”进行了思考，并例举——斯堪的纳维亚的建筑形式和建筑方式。现今，中国大部分城市依旧处于建筑业飞速发展的时期，现代主义建筑观并没有远离我们的生活，它仍反映着当代社会人们存在的真实状态，促使人们探求一种全新的生活方式。笔者认为，合理的、优秀的现代建筑设计应当从“满足人们最基本的生活”需要,转向“为创造人类安居、美好的生活”的目的；注重功能的同时更注重设计的内在质量，让设计的“美”及“人性化”无处不在，在关注人的感官的同时，注重自然的和谐发展和可持续发展建，去追寻一种“诗意栖居”的美好境界来造我们的家园。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society, the construction technology is making continuous progress. With the change of social thought, the concept of architecture in European countries has changed, and there have been many reform movements on architecture. The cultural significance of architecture is gradually disappearing, and the social and political function of architecture is becoming more and more prominent. Such a turning point comes from the modernist architectural movement. This article is divided into four parts, through the analysis of the modernist architectural view, from the formation and development of the modernist architectural concept to explore the nature of architecture, to seek a correct, conducive to social development of architectural ideas. The first part mainly expounds the origin of modernist architectural view. From the origin of European architecture, the ancient Greek and Roman architectural views, this paper discusses the influence of social class and social ideology on the architectural view in different social periods. The second part mainly discusses the development of modernist architectural view and discusses the inevitability and importance of the emergence of modernist architectural view. Modernist architecture is the product of social development, reflecting the political, economic and spiritual changes in the European social transformation era. The third part mainly analyzes the reason of the alienation of modernist architectural view. Partly because of the influence of external environment: after World War II, capitalism used modernist architectural design as a means of saving economy and reconciling social contradictions. On the other hand, it is because of the inherent contradiction of the modernist architectural view: when the modernist architectural view comes into being, it emphasizes itself to serve the masses and is a democratic design thought, but it is initiated by the social elite of a small number of people. It turned out to be a middle-class service, a monotonous, dictatorial design style. In the fourth part, I think about the predicament caused by modernism architectural view. This paper probes into the fundamental causes of the "predicament of existence" and "the dilemma of dwelling" brought to mankind by the view of modernist architecture: that is, in the late period of modernism architecture, the purpose of construction is for the development of capitalist economy. Instead of simply living for human beings, it leads to the crisis of nature and human society. At the end of this part, the author thinks about why architecture in human society and how to build it in the future, and gives an example of Scandinavia's architectural form and style. Nowadays, most cities in China are still in the period of rapid development of the construction industry. The modernist view of architecture is not far from our life, it still reflects the real state of people's existence in contemporary society. Urge people to explore a new way of life. The author thinks that the reasonable and excellent modern architectural design should change from "satisfying people's most basic life" to "creating a good life for human being". Pay attention to the function at the same time more pay attention to the internal quality of the design, make the "beauty" and "humanization" of the design everywhere, pay attention to the human senses, pay attention to the harmonious development and sustainable development of nature at the same time, To pursue a "poetic dwelling" of the beautiful realm to build our homes.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-0

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