基于视觉原理的青岛八大关地区滨海空间景观研究

发布时间：2018-12-27 18:30

【摘要】：滨海景观是滨海城市独具特色的景观资源,这些滨海景观资源具有很高的观赏价值和地域性特征,在提高城市景观质量,打造地方特色等方面有着十分重要的作用。中国拥有漫长的海岸线,众多的海滨城市,但是当前依然能够看到许多的滨海城市景观追求大尺度的空间景观营造,超大面积的广场、草坪等遍布各地,使得景观空间缺少变化,忽视了人的空间感受,没有体现出城市的地域文化特色,造成了千篇一律的海岸线景观规划。景观的好坏首先是由景观空间的视觉感受决定的。因此,视觉作为人们感知外界信息的首要途径,在空间景观的营造过程中起到至关重要的作用。本文从人的视觉感受出发,基于人的视觉生理和视觉心理,将其作为景观的评价标准,对景观空间及其构成要素以及视觉在空间中的作用等方面进行分析。首先从滨海空间的客体要素和空间的尺度、层次等方面分析视觉在空间中的作用,将视觉要素作为景观设计的核心,探讨空间与视觉的内在联系与规律。其次,从景观的总体出发,研究景观构成的各个要素,利用视觉原理分析最佳观赏角度和观赏距离下的滨海景观空间营造,对最佳观景点等问题进行分析。对于城市空间景观,各式的构筑物既是视觉观赏的对象,也是视线引导与控制的重要因素,因此本文中首先对八大关滨海景观空间中的主要建筑物按照其与海岸线距离的不同进行分类,通过视距、视域和D/H以及其平面分布位置、相互之间的视觉联系和视觉感受进行研究分析,其次分析景观空间的其他要素如植物、水体、山石对人视觉的影响,同时,对于滨海景观空间中重要的景观资源滨海城市天际线进行了研究,重点分析了联系内陆空间与滨海空间的视觉廊道,并对色彩、质感、肌理等视觉元素进行了初步的分析,从而得到八大关地区空间景观的优劣之处：八大关地区对于城市天际线的保护较为的成功,山-海-天的视觉廊道效果明显,内部空间尺度合适,对于建筑的色彩、体量的控制比较成功；但是海洋与内陆的空间联系较弱,城市的背景天际线与滨海界面略显单调,缺少针对人视觉感受的规划,东海大酒店等建筑对于滨海空间的整体性有较大影响。最终,通过对八大关滨海地区的研究,总结滨海空间景观设计的原则：(1)增加人的视线观赏流程,并创造出视距与视域范围均适于欣赏的景面；(2)体现滨海与内陆空间的强烈对比；(3)合理创造步移景异的空间效果；(4)利用色彩、质感等因素对人的视觉感受的影响,创造适宜的空间立面景观；(5)充分考虑动态观赏与静态观赏以及天际线的展示与构筑物的尺度控制。
[Abstract]:Coastal landscape is the unique landscape resources of coastal cities. These coastal landscape resources have high ornamental value and regional characteristics, which play a very important role in improving the quality of urban landscape and building local characteristics. China has a long coastline and a large number of coastal cities, but at present it can still be seen that many coastal city landscapes pursue large-scale spatial landscape construction, super-large squares, lawns, and so on. It makes the landscape space lack of change, neglects the human space feeling, does not reflect the regional cultural characteristics of the city, resulting in a uniform coastline landscape planning. The quality of the landscape is first determined by the visual feelings of the landscape space. Therefore, as the primary way for people to perceive external information, vision plays a vital role in the process of building spatial landscape. Based on human visual physiology and psychology, this paper analyzes the landscape space and its constituent elements and the role of vision in space, based on the visual physiology and psychology of human being, which is regarded as the evaluation standard of landscape. Firstly, this paper analyzes the role of vision in space from the aspects of object elements, scale and level of coastal space, and takes visual elements as the core of landscape design, and probes into the internal relations and laws between space and vision. Secondly, from the overall landscape, study the elements of landscape composition, use the visual principles to analyze the best viewing angle and viewing distance of coastal landscape space construction, and analyze the best scenic spots and other issues. For the urban space landscape, all kinds of structures are not only the object of visual view, but also the important factor of line of sight guidance and control. Therefore, in this paper, the main buildings in the coastal landscape space of Badaguan are classified according to the distance between them and the shoreline, according to the distance of sight, the horizon, the D / H and their plane distribution. The visual connection and visual feeling between each other are studied and analyzed, and the other elements of landscape space, such as plants, water bodies and rocks, are analyzed. At the same time, the influence of other elements such as plants, water bodies and rocks on human vision is also analyzed. This paper studies the skyline of coastal city, which is an important landscape resource in coastal landscape space, and analyzes the visual corridor connecting inland space with coastal space, and makes a preliminary analysis of the visual elements, such as color, texture, and so on. Thus, the advantages and disadvantages of the space landscape in Badaguan area are obtained: the protection of the urban skyline in the Badaguan area is more successful, the visual corridor effect of the mountain, sea and sky is obvious, the internal space scale is appropriate, and the color of the building is right. The volume control is relatively successful; However, the relationship between ocean and inland space is weak, the urban background skyline and coastal interface is slightly monotonous, the lack of planning for human visual feelings, the East China Sea Hotel and other buildings have a greater impact on the overall coastal space. Finally, through the study of the Badaguan coastal area, the principles of the coastal space landscape design are summarized: (1) increase the viewing process of human line of sight, and create the view plane which is suitable for appreciation both in the horizon and in the horizon; (2) to reflect the strong contrast between coastal and inland space; (3) to create the space effect of different moving scenery reasonably; (4) to make use of the influence of color, texture and other factors to create suitable space elevation landscape; (5) dynamic viewing and static viewing as well as skyline display and structure scale control are fully considered.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.18

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