蓄冰板在避难硐室中应急释冷方案的研究

发布时间：2019-01-14 13:12

【摘要】：随着煤矿开采技术的发展和开采规模的扩大,国家越来越重视避难硐室的建设和发展。一旦发生煤矿事故,避难硐室作为一个安全封闭的空间,能够使井下遇难人员获得更多的生存机会。本课题将冰蓄冷技术应用到避难硐室中,利用其无大功率电源、没有安全隐患、维护量小等优点,提出采用蓄冰板在无电力供给时作为应急冷源对避难硐室进行降温,为避难硐室临时提供适宜生存的温度环境。首先,基于质量、动量以及能量守恒定律,建立了蓄冰板释冷情况下模拟小室内温度场的数学模型,包括控制方程组和单值性条件,之后对Fluent软件中的湍流模型和辐射模型进行了选择,并运用Fluent进行求解。其次,根据课题组搭建的模型小室实验台,获取了一定的实测数据,验证了蓄冰板释冷情况下模拟计算数学模型的准确性,并进一步证明了蓄冰板释冷的适用性与可靠性。最后,利用已经验证的数学模型,并结合实际的避难硐室工程,模拟研究了蓄冰板厚度、初始温度、布置方式、放置高度、避难硐室的供氧方式等因素对避难硐室温度场的影响。研究结果表明:利用冰板进行释冷时,冰板的厚度对其影响很大,冰板太厚,不利于冰板的释冷,而冰板太薄,释冷太快,导致室内温度偏低,模拟表明50 mm厚的冰板适宜释冷;冰板初始温度对释冷效果影响不大,进一步证明了蓄冰板释冷主要是利用冰的相变潜热进行释冷;分散式布置冰板更有利于冰板与周围空气的换热,因而释冷效果比集中式布置的好;对于有送风的情况,冰板放置高度的大小不会对释冷效果造成太大的影响,因而可以在保证有利于凝结水收集的前提下尽量放低蓄冰板的放置高度;相比于自备氧系统,矿井压风系统因送风量大,导致其冰板的释冷效果好,温度场更均匀。通过模拟研究,对具体的避难硐室工程设计了释冷方案,确定了冰板的厚度、初始温度、布置方式、放置高度以及避难硐室的供氧方式。本课题关于井下避难硐室释冷方案的研究,对蓄冰板释冷和避难硐室的应急制冷的进一步研究能够提供一定的参考和依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of coal mining technology and the expansion of mining scale, more and more attention has been paid to the construction and development of refuge chambers. Once a coal mine accident occurs, the shelter chamber as a safe and closed space can make the victims get more chances of survival. In this paper, the ice storage technology is applied to the asylum chamber. The ice storage board is used as an emergency cold source to cool down the shelter chamber, which has the advantages of no high power supply, no potential safety trouble and low maintenance. To provide temporary shelter chamber suitable for survival temperature environment. First of all, based on the conservation law of mass, momentum and energy, a mathematical model for simulating the temperature field in a small chamber under the condition of ice storage plate release is established, including the equations of control and the condition of single value. Then the turbulence model and radiation model in Fluent software are selected and solved by Fluent. Secondly, according to the model chamber test bench built by the research group, a certain number of measured data are obtained, which verifies the accuracy of the mathematical model in the case of ice storage plate release, and further proves the applicability and reliability of the ice storage plate release. Finally, the thickness, initial temperature, arrangement and height of ice storage plate are simulated and studied by using the verified mathematical model and the actual shelter chamber project. The effect of oxygen supply mode on the temperature field of asylum chamber. The results show that the thickness of ice plate has a great influence on it when it is used to release cold. The thickness of ice plate is too thick, which is not conducive to the release of ice plate, but the ice plate is too thin and the release of cold is too fast, which leads to the low indoor temperature. The simulation results show that the ice plate with thickness of 50 mm is suitable for cooling release. The initial temperature of the ice plate has little effect on the release effect, which further proves that the ice storage plate releases the cold mainly by using the latent heat of the ice phase change. The distributed ice plate arrangement is more favorable to the heat transfer between the ice plate and the surrounding air, so the cooling release effect is better than that of the centralized arrangement. In the case of air supply, the height of the ice plate will not have too much effect on the cooling release effect, so it can be kept as low as possible on the premise of congealing water collection. Compared with the self-contained oxygen system, the air pressure system in the mine has a better cooling release effect and a more uniform temperature field because of the large air supply. Through the simulation study, the cold release scheme is designed for the concrete shelter chamber project, and the thickness of ice plate, initial temperature, arrangement mode, height of the ice plate and the oxygen supply mode of the shelter chamber are determined. The research on the cold release scheme of underground refuge chamber can provide some reference and basis for further research on ice storage plate release and emergency refrigeration of shelter chamber.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU831

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