基于多重价值识别的风景名胜区社区规划研究

发布时间：2019-01-20 12:17

【摘要】：当前世界国家公园和保护区运动普遍关注社区问题，管理理念从“消极式”和“排除式”转变为重视社区价值与可持续发展。我国风景名胜区内的社区也是影响风景区保护与管理的重要因素。当前风景区规划实践对社区仍持有“一刀切”的“搬迁式”思维惯式，缺乏对风景区社区和社区规划的全面研究，造成风景区社区潜在价值遗失、风景区与社区矛盾激化等问题，影响风景区整体价值的保护以及社区在保护前提下的合理存续与发展。本研究以风景区社区多重价值识别为导向，探讨兼顾社区价值保护与社区可持续发展的社区规划途径。研究按照提出问题、认识问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路可以大致分为四个部分。首先，论述国内外研究背景，初步提出研究问题，综述已有相关理论与文献。随后，全面考查风景区社区的历史与现状。将社区置于更宏观的国家社会经济变迁背景下，分析推动社区演变的主要驱动力；现状分析包括社区自身和社区规划两方面，前者从多个角度分析风景区社区复杂现状，后者通过考查若干风景区的现行规划文件分析社区规划政策现状。第三，从多重价值的视角审视风景区社区和社区规划政策。首先运用效用价值理论构建风景区社区价值分析体系，并借此论述当前社区规划政策忽视社区价值的问题及后果，随后通过资源配置和治理途径分析发现当前社区政策缺乏实施有效性，继而提出社区自组织的改善思路。最后，基于风景区社区价值体系和自组织治理条件，，提出风景区社区规划在规划目标、规划特点、主要规划内容、关键规划环节等方面的优化策略，并以九寨沟风景区社区为例进行了实践检验。风景区社区价值体系可分为社区作为价值客体的生活、游憩、经济、研究、选择价值和作为价值主体的经济、精神、游憩、环境等不同要素，各要素之间、要素与风景区价值之间存在密切联系。社区价值评估要根据不同的价值类型分别确立评价指标和具体方法，并对价值体系进行整体分析。自组织治理作为已有的层级治理和市场治理途径的补充，是风景区社区治理的理想途径。当前风景区社区尚未具备充分的自组织治理条件，而风景区社区规划通过增加软性规划内容，运用参与性和沟通性规划手段等方式，促进社区形成自组织治理的必要条件，最终实现社区价值体系的保护和社区合理存续。
[Abstract]:At present, the movement of national parks and protected areas in the world is generally concerned about community problems, and the concept of management has changed from "negative" and "exclusive" to attaching importance to community value and sustainable development. The community in scenic areas is also an important factor affecting the protection and management of scenic spots. The current practice of scenic area planning still holds a "one-size-fits-all" relocation "mode of thinking for the community, and the lack of comprehensive research on the community and community planning of the scenic area results in the loss of the potential value of the community in the scenic area. The contradiction between the scenic area and the community is intensified, which affects the protection of the whole value of the scenic spot and the reasonable existence and development of the community under the premise of protection. Based on the multi-value recognition of community in scenic area, this study discusses the ways of community planning which takes into account the protection of community value and the sustainable development of community. The research can be divided into four parts according to the ideas of raising problems, recognizing problems, analyzing problems and solving problems. Firstly, the research background at home and abroad is discussed, and the relevant theories and literatures are summarized. Subsequently, a comprehensive examination of the history and status of the scenic community. Put the community in the broader context of national social and economic changes, and analyze the main driving forces driving the evolution of the community; The present situation analysis includes two aspects: community itself and community planning. The former analyzes the complex situation of the scenic area community from many angles, the latter analyzes the status quo of community planning policy by examining the current planning documents of several scenic spots. Third, view the community and community planning policy from the view of multi-value. Firstly, the utility value theory is used to construct the community value analysis system of scenic spots, and then the problems and consequences of ignoring community value in current community planning policy are discussed. Then, through the analysis of resource allocation and governance approach, we find that the current community policy is lack of effective implementation, and then put forward the community self-organization to improve the thinking. Finally, based on the community value system and self-organizing governance conditions, the paper puts forward the optimization strategies in planning objectives, planning characteristics, main planning contents, key planning links, and so on. And take Jiuzhaigou scenic spot community as an example to carry on the practice test. The community value system of scenic spots can be divided into different elements, such as life, recreation, economy, research, selection of value and economy, spirit, recreation, environment and so on. There is a close relationship between the elements and the value of scenic spots. The evaluation index and concrete method should be established according to different value types, and the value system should be analyzed as a whole. Self-organization governance, as a supplement of existing hierarchical governance and market governance, is an ideal approach to community governance in scenic spots. At present, the community of scenic area has not had sufficient self-organization management condition, and the community planning of scenic area has promoted the necessary condition of self-organizing governance by increasing the content of soft planning, using participatory and communication planning methods, etc. Finally, the protection of community value system and the reasonable existence of community are realized.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.12

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