蜂窝式钢结构焊接残余应力测试分析

发布时间：2019-01-26 09:09

【摘要】：蜂窝式钢构件是将H型钢或工字型钢在腹板上开孔所形成有孔洞的钢结构构件,开孔的方式分为两种,一种是在型钢的腹板上按一定要求直接打孔,另一种是在腹板上沿一定的折线或者圆弧线切割然后错位焊接所形成的钢结构构件。我国目前主要把蜂窝式钢结构构件应用于较大跨度的受弯构件和对外观美感有要求的框架式结构,蜂窝式构件既节约材料,在建筑中又便于水暖电的管线进行铺设,而且还可以适当的减小楼层高度,有很多其他结构所没有的优点。鉴于蜂窝式钢结构构件的各种优点,蜂窝式钢结构构件目前的应用广泛。从二十世纪六十年代开始,欧洲一些国家及日本就开始应用蜂窝钢框架结构,还针对蜂窝式钢结构的应用制定了规范和相关设计标准。近年来,我国对于蜂窝式钢结构构件的应用也越来越多,并且在各个领域取得了很好的社会和经济效益。为了满足国内实际工程对蜂窝式钢结构构件的应用需求,使蜂窝式钢结构构件的应用更加普遍,应该针对蜂窝式钢结构构件的相关关键问题进行深入的研究。蜂窝式钢构件多数需采用焊接方法加工,而焊接过程中要将焊件先进行局部的加热,局部的加热导致焊件中温度的不均匀分布,而且在焊接过程中,构件内部的温度分布还将不断变化；另外,由于焊接温度很高,一般均超出母材或焊料的熔化温度,在冷却的时候又由于温度降低的速度不均匀,产生的塑性变形之间互相约束,使构件内部有残余应力存在。这种残余应力,就称之为焊接残余应力。相对于蜂窝式钢构件稳定性方面的研究对蜂窝式钢构件焊接残余应力方面的研究还基本处于空白状态,我国也没有制定相应的技术标准指导工程设计和施工。针对上述问题,本课题主要采用试验研究的方法,以八根开孔蜂窝式构件和两根实腹式钢构件为研究对象,分别进行了焊接残余应力分布的试验。通过不同构件的焊接残余应力的分布,分析了不同孔型、不同开孔方式、不同开孔率、不同腹板高厚比等参数对蜂窝式钢结构构件焊接残余应力的影响。为深入研究蜂窝构件相关问题奠定了基础,并为工程应用提供了参考。为后续理论的研究的进一步开展打下了良好的基础,并提供了有力的试验依据。
[Abstract]:Honeycomb steel members are steel structural members with holes formed by the opening of H-shaped steel or I-shaped steel on the web plate. The way of opening holes is divided into two types: one is to directly punch holes on the web of the section steel according to certain requirements. The other is the steel structure which is formed by cutting along a certain line or arc wire on the web and then displacing welding. At present, honeycomb steel structural members are mainly used in long-span flexural members and framing structures which are required for aesthetic appearance. Honeycomb members not only save materials, but also are convenient for laying pipeline of water, heating and electricity in buildings. But also can reduce the floor height appropriately, has many other structure does not have the advantage. In view of the various advantages of honeycomb steel structure members, honeycomb steel structure members are widely used at present. Since the 1960s, some European countries and Japan began to apply honeycomb steel frame structures, and also formulated specifications and related design standards for the application of honeycomb steel structures. In recent years, more and more honeycomb steel structural members have been applied in China, and good social and economic benefits have been obtained in various fields. In order to meet the application demand of honeycomb steel structural members in China and make the application of honeycomb steel structural members more common, it is necessary to deeply study the key issues related to honeycomb steel structural members. Most honeycomb steel members need to be processed by welding method, but in the welding process, the welding parts should be heated first, and the local heating will lead to the uneven distribution of the temperature in the welding parts, and in the welding process, The temperature distribution inside the component will change constantly; In addition, due to the high welding temperature, which generally exceeds the melting temperature of the base metal or solder, during cooling, the plastic deformation caused by the uneven decrease of the temperature constrains each other, resulting in the existence of residual stress in the component. This kind of residual stress is called welding residual stress. Compared with the research on the stability of honeycomb steel members, the research on the welding residual stress of honeycomb steel members is still in a blank state, and the corresponding technical standards have not been formulated in China to guide the engineering design and construction. In order to solve the above problems, the experiment of welding residual stress distribution was carried out on eight honeycomb members with holes and two solid steel members. Through the distribution of welding residual stress of different components, the effects of different pass types, different ways of opening, different opening rate and different ratio of web height to thickness on the welding residual stress of honeycomb steel structures are analyzed. It lays a foundation for further research on honeycomb components and provides a reference for engineering application. It lays a good foundation for the further development of the following theoretical research and provides a strong experimental basis.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU391

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