哈尔滨农民回迁居住小区外环境景观设计研究

发布时间：2019-01-28 19:45

【摘要】：随着农村在城市化发展过程中的逐渐解体,农民失去了其赖以生存的土地,被迫迁入由政府统一筹建于城乡交错带的农民回迁居住区,这就意味着人们将失去其熟悉的生活方式和居住环境。随着农民回迁者行为模式、风俗习惯与城市生活间矛盾的凸显,人们将面临着人际交往匮乏、邻里关系淡化、人文关怀不足、居住安全隐患等问题。这些问题主要体现在农民回迁居住区户外环境与失地农民的生活习惯、传统风俗、地域文化、审美观的不相适应上,会对农民生活、心理产生极大负面影响,对城市发展起到了极大的阻碍作用,不利于社会的和谐稳定。然而国内外在农民回迁居住区领域的研究极为薄弱,这就使得对农民回迁居住区户外空间景观设计的研究尤为重要、迫切,并具有极高的现实意义。本文采用理论与实践相结合的方法,首先论述了国内外回迁居住区相关研究状况,指出现阶段学者们很少从农民对居住环境需求角度进行研究,此方面研究有待深入。在对农民回迁居住区相关概念进行了界定的基础上,以哈尔滨失地失宅回迁农民为研究对象,采用访谈记录法和实地观察法对哈尔滨现有回迁性质居住区户外环境进行实地调研,全面了解了农民回迁者特有的人口构成、生活方式、风俗文化特征、空间使用需求、景观审美特点、景观安全意识等状况,总结了哈尔滨农民回迁住区户外环境建设所存在的系列问题。最后,以马洛斯需求层次、行为与空间关系理论、景观美学理论及人性化设计理论为理论指导,结合哈尔滨失地失宅农民对回迁居住环境的各项需求,从居住区总体布局规划、公共空间设计、视觉景观设计、公共设施设计等方面对回迁居住区户外空间环境进行了案例设计研究,处处体现农民的所思所想,以建设出农民回迁者所期望的居住区户外空间环境。研究强调,农民回迁居住区户外空间景观设计应着眼于农民这一特殊群体,以农民实际情况及需求为切入点,应区别于城市居民景观需求及城市社区景观设计模式,有一套自己的设计体系。农民回迁居住区户外空间环境设计应以人性化、乡土化、安全化、美观化为基本原则,针对农民偏好大尺度空间和喜爱人工味浓、视觉冲击力强、现代化景观及重视传统习俗的特点,提出提炼“田”字布局骨架、宅间组团院落式设计、空间功能复合化设计、可游戏人行街道设计、花园式宅间绿地设计、视觉景观营造和景观安全化设计等满足于农民审美特点、行为需求的户外空间设计建议,以解决农民回迁者对新环境的不适应、不融入、不使用等问题,协调人与居住区环境间关系,保障农民和住区、农民和社会的和谐与持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the gradual disintegration of the rural areas in the process of urbanization, the peasants lost the land on which they depended and were forced to move into the residential areas of the peasants who were built by the government in the ecotone of urban and rural areas. This means that people will lose their familiar way of life and living environment. With the behavior pattern of peasants returning to the city and the contradiction between custom and city life, people will be faced with problems such as lack of interpersonal communication, desalination of neighborhood relationship, lack of humanistic concern, hidden danger of residential security and so on. These problems are mainly reflected in the fact that the outdoor environment of the peasants moving back to the residential areas is incompatible with the living habits, traditional customs, regional culture, and aesthetic standards of the landless peasants, which will have a great negative impact on the peasants' lives and psychology. Urban development has played a great role in hindering the social harmony and stability. However, the domestic and foreign research in the field of peasants returning to residential areas is very weak, which makes the study of outdoor space landscape design is particularly important and urgent, and has a very high practical significance. This article adopts the method of combining theory and practice, first of all, it discusses the related research situation of the domestic and foreign residential areas, and points out that at present, scholars seldom study from the perspective of farmers' demand for the living environment, and this aspect of research needs to be further studied. On the basis of the definition of the related concepts of the peasants returning to the residential areas, this paper takes the peasants who have lost their land and lost their homes in Harbin as the research object. By using the method of interview record and field observation to investigate the outdoor environment of the existing residential areas in Harbin, the author has a comprehensive understanding of the unique population composition, life style, customs and cultural characteristics, space use needs of the peasants returning home. Based on the aesthetic characteristics of landscape and the consciousness of landscape safety, this paper sums up a series of problems existing in the outdoor environment construction of Harbin peasants' returning residence. Finally, under the guidance of the hierarchy of needs of Maros, the theory of relationship between behavior and space, the theory of landscape aesthetics and the theory of humanized design, combined with the needs of the land-lost peasants in Harbin for the living environment, the overall layout of residential areas is planned. In the aspects of public space design, visual landscape design, public facilities design and so on, the case study of outdoor space environment of returning residential area is carried out, which embodies the farmers' thoughts and thoughts everywhere. In order to construct the outdoor space environment of the living area expected by the peasants returning home. The study emphasizes that the outdoor space landscape design of the rural residents should focus on the farmers as a special group, take the farmers' actual situation and demand as the breakthrough point, and be different from the urban residents' landscape needs and the urban community landscape design mode. Have a set of their own design system. The outdoor space environment design of the peasants' returning residence should be based on the basic principles of humanization, localization, safety and aesthetics, aiming at the farmers' preference for large scale space and the love of artificial taste, and the strong visual impact. The characteristics of modern landscape and traditional customs are put forward, such as refining the layout skeleton of "field", designing house group courtyard, compound space function, designing street with games, designing green space between garden houses, and so on. Visual landscape construction and landscape security design are satisfied with the aesthetic characteristics of farmers and behavioral needs of outdoor space design proposals, to solve the problem of farmers who do not adapt to the new environment, do not integrate, do not use, and so on. The harmony and sustainable development of farmers and settlements, farmers and society should be ensured by coordinating the relationship between the environment and the residential areas.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.12

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