自适应张弦梁结构的控制理论与设计方法研究

发布时间：2019-02-18 09:10

【摘要】：本文在智能张力结构和张弦梁结构的发展和应用基础上,提出一类具有广泛工程应用前景的智能张力结构：自适应张弦梁结构(ABSS),即在张弦梁结构的基础上,用可调伸缩杆替换原结构中的竖向撑杆或拉索作为作动器,并附加测试结构工作状态的传感器和分析处理测试信息的控制器形成的智能结构。为保证该类结构的正常工作,本文综合运用随机搜索、线性力法、非线性有限元法和模糊决策等理论与数值方法,针对该类结构控制理论、静力性能、优化设计以及传感器优化布置等四个方面中存在的共性科学问题及关键技术挑战展开深入研究和探讨。采用结构力法,推导了自适应张弦梁结构的理论控制模型,给出结构在恒荷载作用下的几何构形控制方程,以及在均布活荷载和风荷载作用下的工作状态控制方程。采用有限单元法,推导了考虑作动器耦合效应的结构有限元方程,并通过灵敏度分析法建立了结构几何构形和工作状态线性控制的优化模型,采用模拟退火算法搜索得到线性控制的最优解,在此基础上,引入一个非线性有限元计算重新评估控制效果并加以修正的迭代过程,实现自适应张弦梁结构的单目标非线性优化控制。根据决策者对内力、位移以及能耗等控制目标的偏好要求,建立了考虑目标优先级要求的自适应张弦梁结构多目标控制模型。采用模糊决策的理论,用满意度和满意度序来描述控制模型中目标的优化程度和目标之间的优先级,来辅助决策者在相同的量纲上评估结构的控制目标。根据分层交互优化的思路,通过基于目标满意度序和目标加法模型的交互式模糊优化算法来辅助决策者进行先验偏好信息和局部偏好信息的确定和引入,实现自适应张弦梁结构的多目标控制。自适应张弦梁结构根据作动器的布置方式可划分为撑杆式和拉索式,且考虑拉索式自适应张弦梁结构中拉索的可连续或不连续。研究两类结构在均布荷载和非均布荷载作用下的静力性能,发现撑杆式自适应张弦梁结构的调控效果和调控效率均最优。以撑杆式自适应张弦梁结构为研究对象,分析结构静力性能随几何构形参数、截面特性参数和作动器参数等参数的变化规律,并以此为设计依据,提出基于结构性能的优化设计方法,对结构进行设计。以自适应张弦梁结构的调控性能最大为优化目标,建立考虑结构可控性的作动器优化布置模型,并通过序列法和随机搜索算法求解获得作动器的最优布置方案。通过分析作动器优化布置模型的计算复杂度,建立学习策略为结构非线性控制算法选择合适的初始解,以减小算法的迭代次数来提高算法的运算效率；根据计算机多核运算的思路,采用操作并行和试验并行策略对模拟退火算进行改进,加快了搜索算法的搜索速度。本文的研究工作完善和推进了自适应张弦梁结构控制理论和优化设计理论的发展,为该类结构的工程应用提供了理论基础和技术支持,同时本文的研究是基于自适应张弦梁结构,但又不依赖于该结构,研究成果也适用于其他类型智能张力结构。
[Abstract]:In this paper, on the basis of the development and application of the intelligent tension structure and the string beam structure, a class of intelligent tension structure with wide application prospect is put forward: the self-adaptive tension beam structure (ABSS), that is, on the basis of the structure of the string beam, the adjustable telescopic rod is used for replacing the vertical stay bar or the stay cable in the original structure as the actuator, and the sensor and the intelligent structure formed by the controller for analyzing the working state of the test structure and the controller for analyzing and processing the test information are added. In order to guarantee the normal operation of this kind of structure, this paper comprehensively uses the theory and numerical method of random search, linear force method, non-linear finite element method and fuzzy decision, aiming at the control theory and static performance of this kind of structure, The common scientific problems and key technology challenges existing in the four aspects such as the optimization design and the sensor optimization arrangement are in-depth study and discussion. The structural force method is used to derive the theoretical control model of the self-adaptive tension beam structure, and the geometric configuration control equation of the structure under the action of constant load is given. In this paper, the finite element method is used to derive the structural finite element equation considering the coupling effect of the actuator, and the optimization model of the structure geometry and the linear control of the working state is established by the sensitivity analysis method. The optimal solution of the linear control is obtained by using the simulated annealing algorithm. In this paper, a nonlinear finite element method is introduced to re-evaluate the control effect and modify the iterative process to realize the single-target nonlinear optimization control of the self-adaptive tension beam structure. Based on the decision-maker's preference for controlling the internal force, displacement and energy consumption, the multi-objective control of the self-adapting string beam with the target priority is established. Using the theory of fuzzy decision, the satisfaction degree and the degree of satisfaction are used to describe the degree of the objective in the control model and the priority between the targets, so as to assist the decision-maker in evaluating the control of the structure on the same dimension. According to the idea of the optimization of the layered interaction, the decision and the introduction of the prior preference information and the local preference information are assisted by the interactive fuzzy optimization algorithm based on the objective satisfaction sequence and the target addition model, so as to realize the multi-purpose of the self-adaptive tension string beam structure. The self-adaptive tension beam structure can be divided into a stay type and a stay cable type according to the arrangement mode of the actuator, The static performance of two types of structures under both uniform and non-uniform loads is studied, and the control effect and control of the strut-type self-adaptive tension beam structure are found. The efficiency is optimal. The variation law of the structural static performance with the geometric configuration parameters, the cross-section characteristic parameters and the parameters of the actuator is analyzed with the structure of the strut-type self-adaptive strain-string beam as the research object. In order to optimize the control performance of the self-adaptive tension beam structure, the optimal layout model of the dynamic device considering the controllability of the structure is established, and the obtained actuator is solved by the sequence method and the random search algorithm. By analyzing the computational complexity of the optimization layout model of the dynamic device, the optimal initial solution is selected for the nonlinear control algorithm of the structure to reduce the number of iterations of the algorithm to improve the operation efficiency of the algorithm; and according to the computer, the calculation complexity of the optimization layout model is analyzed, the optimal initial solution is selected for the structure nonlinear control algorithm, the iterative times of the algorithm are reduced, the operation efficiency of the algorithm is improved, The idea of multi-core operation is to improve the simulated annealing by using the parallel and parallel strategy of operation, and speed up the search. The search speed of the algorithm is improved and the development of the adaptive tension beam structure control theory and the optimization design theory is advanced, and the theoretical foundation and technical support are provided for the engineering application of this kind of structure, and the research of this paper is based on the self-adaptive tension beam structure, but does not rely on the structure, and the research results are also applicable to the structure,
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU399

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