坡地型传统聚落环境空间形态的气候适应性特点初探

发布时间：2019-04-11 07:29

【摘要】：传统聚落是历史遗留下来的人居产物，具有很高的研究价值。过去的人们没有发达的科技水平，却能依靠外界提供的自然条件而安逸、稳定的生活，这其中所蕴含的智慧值得当今的我们去探索和追寻。因此，在分析气候环境对聚落与人类的影响上，变成为首当其冲的任务之一。在漫长的岁月中，人类与气候的斗争无处不在。为了能够适应大自然的环境，人类创造了建筑，而群居的生活方式便有了聚落的诞生，所以建筑与聚落形态上的多变性，正是应对大自然不同气候影响下的侧面反映。聚落与建筑相同，都是以人的舒适感为基础，所以只要了解聚落的内外环境空间以及建筑环境空间对气候有着怎样的调控能力和手段，便能清楚的得出聚落与人们舒适度之间有着怎样的联系。再通过总结其规律特点之后，用来指导现代人们创造出适宜于人类居住的场所与环境，，才能体现研究的真正意义所在。论文首先从气候出发，分析其大气候特点以及小气候的特点。再将建筑的被动式调控能力，转化为聚落的被动式调控，并且将建筑气候设计分析方法运用到聚落空间形态的气候适应性特点分析中去。接着根据小气候的影响范围，将聚落的外部空间特征分为四类，分别是平地型、沟谷型、靠山型和坡地型。选取其中的坡地型传统聚落，并分析了其外部环境形态要素、聚落空间形态的特征，以及层次结构，得出坡地型聚落环境空间形态特点。接着按照气候分区选取典型坡地型聚落的案例对其环境形态特点、内部空间营造特点、建筑营建特点进行分析，找出适应气候的目标、策略和不同气候区的组合调节模式。在前人研究的聚落与气候关系中，没有针对小气候的影响对聚落类型进行划分，只是在研究单体建筑或是局部区域内的聚落与气候关系。而本文的研究角度正是在这样的划分前提下，总结了传统坡地型聚落对于气候的适应性特点问题。这样的好处，不仅为全国范围内研究坡地聚落的人们指引了一条新的道路。而且，能提供建筑师，在对现代城市以及建筑设计的时候，提供一条新的思路与角度。聚落的气候适应性最终都会反馈到我们自己身上，所以进行有效的减少环境污染与资源浪费，是我们所需要达到的目标，也是研究的真正价值所在。
[Abstract]:Traditional settlement is a product of human settlements left over from history, which has a high research value. People in the past have no advanced level of science and technology, but can rely on the natural conditions provided by the outside world to live a comfortable and stable life. The wisdom contained therein is worthy of our exploration and pursuit today. Therefore, it has become one of the most important tasks to analyze the impacts of climate and environment on settlements and human beings. For a long time, the struggle between man and the climate was everywhere. In order to adapt to the environment of nature, human beings have created architecture, and the way of living in groups has been born in settlements. Therefore, the variability of architecture and settlement forms is just the side reflection under the influence of different climates of nature. Settlements are the same as buildings, and they are based on human comfort, so as long as we understand the inner and outer environmental space of the settlement and how the architectural environment space has the ability and means to regulate and control the climate, It is clear what the relationship between settlements and people's comfort is. After summarizing the characteristics of the law, we can guide the modern people to create a suitable place and environment for human habitation, so as to reflect the real significance of the study. Firstly, the paper analyzes the characteristics of climate and microclimate from the point of view of climate. Then, the passive control ability of the building is transformed into the passive control of the settlement, and the analysis method of the architectural climate design is applied to the analysis of the climate adaptability characteristics of the settlement space form. Then, according to the influence range of microclimate, the outer spatial characteristics of settlements are divided into four types: flat type, valley type, mountain type and slope type. The traditional settlement of sloping land type is selected, and the external environment form elements, the characteristics of settlement space form, and the hierarchical structure are analyzed, and the characteristics of slope land type settlement environment space form are obtained. Then, according to the case of typical sloping settlement, the characteristics of environment form, interior space construction and building construction are analyzed, and the target, strategy and combination regulation mode of different climate regions are found out in order to find out the suitable target, strategy and combination regulation mode of different climate regions. Among the previous studies on the relationship between settlements and climate, there is no classification of settlement types according to the influence of microclimate, but only the relationship between settlements and climate in single building or local area. On the premise of this division, this paper summarizes the adaptability of traditional sloping settlements to climate. Such benefits not only guide a new path for people studying sloping settlements across the country. What's more, it provides architects with a new line of thought and perspective in modern city and architectural design. The climate adaptability of settlements will eventually feed back to us, so effectively reducing environmental pollution and waste of resources is the goal that we need to achieve and the real value of the research.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU982.29;TU119

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