基于自然通风和热环境优化的新农居建筑设计

发布时间：2019-05-29 21:04

【摘要】：本课题来自江苏省绿色建筑方案设计竞赛任务书一：南京河西城市生态公园生态展示馆及未来生态家建筑设计。为普及低碳生态智慧理念,推动低碳生态智慧技术应用,创建国家级的低碳生态智慧样本城,南京河西指挥部决定建设河西城市生态公园。生态展示馆和未来生态家建筑组群位于生态公园内,希望将建筑、展陈和场地三者统一协调,均作为低碳生态智慧理念和技术的集中展示场所。但是,任务书中的独栋住宅形式在当今城市语境下没有太大的实际意义。由于土地制度和地价的原因,在城市不太可能新建独栋住宅。与此同时,随着当今中国城镇化的提高和农村地区的发展,相当一部分的建设任务从城市转向农村地区。至2010年底,农村地区人均住房面积已经达到31.6 m2。同时,农村地区的住房建设量也不断增加,村镇住房的投资额每年都达到6000亿到9000亿之间,每年的建设量也接近7亿m2,占全国新建住房总量的一半以上。与此情况相对应的是,我们现今农村地区的住宅很少经过专业设计,农村住房的条件整体水平较差。尤其在南京这一典型的冬冷夏热地区,农村住宅的舒适度和能耗问题极为突出。针对上述情况,我把设计的课题,转向到农村地区的生态住宅上米,即绿色新农居的建筑设计。由于南京地区处于夏热冬冷地区,在生态设计策略上,注重的是采用被动式的技术,充分考虑自然通风降温,降低夏季的整体得热,冬季则增加得热,减少失热。从而降低建筑的的整体能耗。由于设计暂时脱离场地,研究农村地区的生态住宅设计策略。因此,首先分析农村地区具体的典型住宅类型,有临街住宅和独栋式两种,而临街住宅则进一步细分为沿东西向街道形成的南北狭长型住宅和沿南北向街道形成的东西狭长型住宅。从设计方法上,先是根据江苏省村镇规划导则对于新建农村住宅宅基地面积的控制,分别确定临街住宅和独栋式住宅的宅基地面积。对于从典型类型分析出来的临街住宅,由于其存在明显的通风问题,主要在通风上做优化设计；对于独栋式住宅,由于场地的自由,通过空间策略,被动式的设计手段,达到良好的自然通风环境和能够适应冬夏两季的过热过冷的热环境。在具体的操作方法上,通过Airpak对设计方案的通风状况进行模拟以及调整方案进一步对比,最终达到良好的通风环境。在热环境的方面,主要手段是降低夏季得热以及增加冬季太阳得热,减少冬季维护结构失热。手段是通过墙体的改变,遮阳的优化设计,通过Ecotect进行方案优化设计。此外,独栋式住宅还会采用一些自然空气调节系统,屋顶种植,沼气设备,等手段。
[Abstract]:This topic comes from Jiangsu Province Green Building Scheme Design Competition Book 1: Nanjing Hexi Urban Ecological Park Ecological Exhibition Hall and Future Ecological Architecture Design. In order to popularize the concept of low-carbon ecological wisdom, promote the application of low-carbon ecological wisdom technology, and create a national sample city of low-carbon ecological wisdom, Nanjing Hexi Command decided to build Hexi Urban Ecological Park. The ecological exhibition hall and the future ecologist building group are located in the ecological park. It is hoped that the architecture, exhibition and venue will be unified and coordinated as the centralized display place of the concept and technology of low-carbon ecological wisdom. However, the form of single-family housing in the task book is not of great practical significance in today's urban context. Because of the land system and land price, it is unlikely to build a new single-family house in the city. At the same time, with the improvement of urbanization and the development of rural areas in China, a considerable part of the construction task has changed from urban to rural areas. By the end of 2010, the per capita housing area in rural areas had reached 31.6 m2. At the same time, the amount of housing construction in rural areas is also increasing, the investment in rural housing is between 600 billion and 900 billion every year, and the annual construction volume is close to 700 million m2, accounting for more than half of the total number of new housing in the country. Corresponding to this situation, our houses in rural areas are rarely professionally designed, and the overall level of rural housing conditions is poor. Especially in Nanjing, a typical area of cold winter and hot summer, the comfort and energy consumption of rural housing are very prominent. In view of the above situation, I turn the subject of design to the ecological housing in rural areas, that is, the architectural design of green new farm residence. Because Nanjing area is in the hot summer and cold winter area, in the ecological design strategy, we should pay attention to the passive technology, fully consider the natural ventilation and cooling, reduce the overall heat in summer, and increase the heat in winter and reduce the heat loss. In order to reduce the overall energy consumption of the building. Because the design is temporarily separated from the site, the design strategy of ecological housing in rural areas is studied. Therefore, first of all, it analyzes the specific typical housing types in rural areas, there are two kinds of street housing and one-pillar type. The street houses are further divided into the north-south narrow houses formed along the east-west street and the east-west narrow houses formed along the north-south street. From the design method, first of all, according to the Jiangsu Province village and town planning guidelines to control the area of newly built rural residential homestead, respectively determine the residential area of street residential and single-pillar housing. For the street residential buildings analyzed from the typical types, because of the obvious ventilation problems, the optimization design is mainly carried out on the ventilation. For single-pillar residential buildings, due to the freedom of the site, through spatial strategy, passive design means, to achieve a good natural ventilation environment and can adapt to the winter and summer overheating and overcooling thermal environment. In the specific operation method, the ventilation condition of the design scheme is simulated by Airpak and further compared with the adjustment scheme, and finally a good ventilation environment is achieved. In terms of thermal environment, the main means are to reduce summer heat and increase winter solar heat, and reduce winter maintenance structure heat loss. The method is through the change of the wall, the optimization design of shading, and the optimization design of the scheme through Ecotect. In addition, single house will also use some natural air conditioning system, roof planting, biogas equipment, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU111;TU241.4

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