山地环境中建筑屋顶形态设计探析

发布时间：2019-06-04 09:36

【摘要】：伴随着社会经济的腾飞和科学技术的突飞猛进，先进的建造技术为建筑形态的生成提供了强有力的支撑，建筑屋顶逐渐摆脱了重力的束缚和材料的限制，建筑师可以对其形态设计进行天马行空的创作。我国正处在城市化进程的高速上升期，由于平原用地的极具萎缩和对耕地面积的严格控制，人们开始把眼光投向了占国土面积大半的山地环境，向山地环境拓展生存空间的渴望愈演愈烈，导致山地环境中涌现出了风格多样、形态各异的建筑屋顶造型。但是由于缺乏系统的理论指导和完善的设计导则，出现了与山体格格不入的建筑屋顶，严重破坏了山地自然景观界面的完整性。山地环境中的屋顶形态对整个建筑的风貌特征起到了决定性的作用，所以为了发展可持续的山地人居环境建设，建筑师应该把屋顶形态作为山地系统整体的一部分进行研究。 “在持续发展的观念中，要整体地体现下列交织的原则：形式要随功能而定；形式要随构造、材料和技术而定；形式要随环境而定；形式要随文化传统、社会意识及社会生活方式而定；形式要随着设计作者的独创性而定”①。由此可见，，特定的屋顶形态存在于特定的条件及其环境因素所构成的时空体系中，建筑师应把各类制约因素作为屋顶形态设计的重要依据。合理的屋顶形态设计首先需要分析既定的山地环境的特殊性，考虑山体与建筑屋顶间交接关系的同时，保证屋顶形态兼具良好的视觉审美功能，就需要分析人们处在立体空间中视觉感受的差异性，以及建筑所处山位的不同对屋顶形态的影响，概括出屋顶形态设计的形式美法则。然后根据建筑类型对屋顶内外空间使用功能的具体要求，对既定山地环境中的屋顶形态设计提出相应的策略。本文结合笔者参与的具体项目对决定性的设计要素（地形地貌、视觉审美、使用功能）进行探析，有针对性的总结出山地环境中建筑屋顶形态的四个设计要点。第一部分是本文的绪论，阐述了研究的缘起，研究的理论背景和现状，明确了研究的目的和意义，并搭建起完整系统的研究方法。第二部分叙述了屋顶形态的发展与构成，从屋顶雏形的起源到古典建筑的屋顶形态，从现代主义建筑屋顶的悲歌到屋顶形态多元化发展的演进，然后分析屋顶的基本元素、组成和形式，阐明屋顶形态是表现一个时代的建造技术与艺术审美相互结合的载体。第三部分详述了影响屋顶形态生成的诸多因素，包括地形地貌、视觉审美、使用功能、文化观念、气候条件、建造技术和建筑材料等，分别结合实例验证了屋顶形态的变化是对周边环境的差异性所做出的正确应对，总结出影响山地环境中屋顶形态的决定性因素是：地形地貌、视觉审美、使用功能。第四部分着重从地形地貌、视觉审美和使用功能三个方面，探析山地环境中的屋顶形态设计，首先论述了山地环境的特殊性，以及屋顶与山体的交接方式，然后分析人的视觉感受和屋顶所处山位对屋顶形态的影响，最后从屋顶内部空间的使用类型、外部空间的功能拓展和屋顶的精神功能，论述屋顶形态和使用功能之间的相互联系和制约的关系。第五部分以重庆云阳移民局技术培训中心方案设计为例，从以上三个决定性因素分别进行解读和分析，并有目的性的提出相应的四个设计要点。第六部分总结全文，概括论文的研究成果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the social economy and the rapid development of science and technology, the advanced construction technology provides a powerful support for the formation of the building, and the roof of the building gradually gets rid of the restraint of the gravity and the restriction of the material. China is in the high-speed rising period of the process of urbanization, because of the extremely shrinking of the plain land and the strict control of the cultivated area, people have begun to turn their eyes to the mountainous environment which is a big and semi-large area of the land and land, and the desire to expand the living space to the mountain environment is becoming more and more intense. Resulting in a variety of styles and various types of building roof shapes in the mountainous environment. However, due to the lack of the theoretical guidance and perfect design guidelines of the system, the building roof, which is out of the way of the mountain, has seriously damaged the integrity of the natural landscape interface of the mountain. The roof form in the mountain environment plays a decisive role in the feature of the whole building, so the architect should study the roof form as a part of the mountain system in order to develop the sustainable mountain-dwelling environment. "In the concept of continuous development, the following interwoven principles should be embodied as a whole: the form is to function as the function; the form depends on the structure, material and technology; the form depends on the environment; the form depends on the cultural tradition, the social consciousness and the social life style; in that form of the originality of the design author" Therefore, in the time-space system of the specific condition and its environmental factors, the architect should take all kinds of constraint factors as the important basis of the roof form design. According to the reasonable roof form design, it is necessary to analyze the particularity of the established mountain environment, and to consider the relationship between the mountain and the roof of the building, and to ensure that the roof form has good visual and aesthetic function, it is necessary to analyze the difference in the visual sense of people in the three-dimensional space. The influence of the different views on the roof form and the shape of the roof in the form of the roof form design is summarized. And then, according to the specific requirements of the building type on the use function of the inner and outer space of the roof, corresponding suggestions are put forward for the roof form design in a given mountain environment. In the light of the specific project involved in the author, this paper makes an analysis of the decisive design elements (the terrain, the visual and the use function), and the four designs of the building roof form in the mountainous environment are summarized. The first part is the introduction of this paper, expounds the origin of the research, the theoretical background and the present situation of the research, and makes clear the purpose and significance of the research, and sets up the research and research of the whole system. The second part describes the development and construction of the roof form, from the origin of the rudiment of the roof to the roof form of the classical architecture, from the tragic song of the roof of the modernism architecture to the evolution of the diverse development of the roof form, and then analyzes the basic elements of the roof, The composition and form of the roof is to show that the form of the roof is one of the times in which the construction technology and the art of the art form one another. The third part details the factors that affect the form of the roof, including the topography, the visual aesthetics, the use function, the cultural concept, the climatic conditions and the construction technology. The change of the roof form is the correct response to the difference of the surrounding environment, and the decisive factors that affect the form of the roof in the mountainous environment are as follows: the landform, the vision, The fourth part focuses on the form design of the roof in the mountain environment from the three aspects of the landform, the visual and the function of the use. The particularity of the mountain environment and the house are discussed. According to the way of hand-over of the roof and the mountain, the influence of the human's visual experience and the position of the roof on the form of the roof is analyzed, and the phase between the roof form and the function of the roof is discussed from the use type of the inner space of the roof, the function of the external space and the mental function of the roof. The fifth part, taking the design of the technical training center of Yunyang Immigration Bureau of Chongqing as an example, analyzes and analyzes the above three decisive factors, and has the purpose. The corresponding four design points are proposed. The sixth part is
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU231

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