内外一体化建筑物数据模型研究

发布时间：2019-06-09 21:00

【摘要】：建筑物是指用建筑材料构筑的空间和实体,它是人们生产生活的主要场所,是三维城市的核心要素。当前三维城市建设中,建筑物的三维建模一般围绕其外表面来进行,主要用于可视化。而面向公众服务的建筑物建模不仅需要考虑建筑物的外部轮廓,还要对建筑物内部进行建模,并建立建筑物内部与外部的联系,来实现内外一体化的建筑信息表达。这就要求新一代的建筑物数据模型能够包含内外一体化的语义信息,实现语义、几何、过程、关系,以及属性特征的整体表达。建筑物按照其种类可以分为民用建筑、工业建筑以及农业建筑三类。其中民用建筑是供人们居住和进行各种公共活动的建筑的总称(民用建筑设计术语标准,GB/T 50504-2009),它是与人类居住、活动关系最为密切的一类建筑物。本文将围绕民用建筑建模与模拟这一主题,从地理学研究角度出发,融合建筑科学、建筑信息模型等多学科的专业知识,以建筑物的基本概念与特征为基础,对建筑物所包含的相关信息进行梳理,并在此基础上构建出一个能够充分描述建筑物语义、几何、关系、属性信息的建筑物数据模型。该模型能够完整地对建筑物所包含的信息进行抽象,对建筑物在多个细节层次下的表达进行支持,并能够有效地支持内外一体化分析与可视化。本文的研究内容主要包括:1)建筑物语义、几何、属性、关系信息的分析从建筑学权威专著以及国内外相关标准出发,对建筑构件与建筑空间的定义、分类体系以及层次等级关系进行了归纳与梳理。对建筑构件与建筑空间相关的几何形态、属性信息进行了分析,并对建筑构件、建筑空间之间的关系进行了分类,为建筑物数据模型的进一步抽象提供基础。2)内外一体化建筑物数据模型的构建从空间数据模型的定义出发,分析了建筑物数据模型所应包含的内容。以分析归纳出的建筑物的语义、几何、属性、关系信息为基础,对建筑物进行层层抽象,构建了建筑物的概念模型、逻辑模型、物理模型,并定义了建立在模型之上的相关操作。3)内外一体化建筑物数据模型的多细节层次表达以CityGML所提出的多细节层次模型为参照,对本文所提出的内外一体化建筑物数据模型进行细节层次划分,分析各个细节层次下所关联的建筑构件、建筑空间以及建筑关系。从数据模型的建筑构件、建筑空间、建筑关系集合中提取关联于各个细节层次的建筑构件、建筑空间与建筑关系,实现其在各个细节层次下的表达。4)内外一体化建筑物数据模型对应用分析的支持在对当前建筑物相关的主要应用分析模型的特点进行分析的基础上,从本文所提出建筑物数据模型的语义、几何、关系信息出发,分析建筑内部某一区域所关联的建筑构件、建筑空间以及其相关建筑关系的提取方法。对建筑对象的实体边界提取方法、空间离散方法以及建筑内部连通网络生成方法进行研究,实现其对应用分析的支持。本文的创新点包括以下几个方面:1)围绕建筑物所关联的实体及其相互联系进行层层抽象,设计出一个能够对建筑物所包含的语义、几何、属性、关系信息进行充分描述的内外一体化建筑物数据模型。2)所构建的建筑物数据模型虽然不面向任何具体应用,但可基于其中所包含建筑构件、建筑空间的语义、几何、关系、属性信息,以及构建在其上的操作,来向相关应用分析模型进行转换,使该模型能够支持多种应用分析。内外一体化建筑物数据模型的研究是三维城市建设中建筑物建模与模拟的一次深入探索,进一步完善了内外一体化地理场景模拟分析的理论体系。模型相关问题的解决可以为建筑物的多功能应用、智能化、多层次表达提供支持,真正打通地理信息与建筑科学之间的信息交互。
[Abstract]:The building is a space and an entity constructed with building materials. It is the main place for people to make life, and it is the core element of the three-dimensional city. In the current three-dimensional urban construction, the three-dimensional modeling of the building is generally carried out around its outer surface and is mainly used for visualization. The building modeling for the public service not only needs to consider the outer contour of the building, but also to model the interior of the building, and to establish the internal and external connection of the building, so as to realize the construction information expression of the inside and outside integration. This requires the new generation of building data model to contain the semantic information of internal and external integration, realize the overall expression of the semantic, the geometric, the process, the relation, and the attribute. The buildings can be divided into three categories: civil, industrial and agricultural. Civil architecture is the general name of the building for people to live and carry out various public activities (the standard of the design of civil architecture, GB/ T 50504-2009), which is a kind of building which is the most closely related to the living and activities of mankind. This paper will focus on the subject of building and simulation of civil architecture, from the angle of geography research, to combine the professional knowledge of many disciplines such as building science and building information model, and to sort out the relevant information contained in the building based on the basic concept and characteristics of the building. On this basis, a building data model, which can fully describe the building semantics, geometry, relation and attribute information, is constructed. The model can completely abstract the information contained in the building, support the expression of the building under a plurality of detail levels, and can effectively support the internal and external integration analysis and visualization. The research contents of this paper mainly include:1) the analysis of building semantics, geometry, attributes and relationship information from the architectural authority monographs and the relevant standards at home and abroad, and sums up the definition, classification system and hierarchical relationship of the building component and the building space. The geometric shape and the attribute information of the building component and the building space are analyzed, and the relation between the building component and the building space is classified. To provide the foundation for further abstract of the building data model.2) The construction of the internal and external integrated building data model is based on the definition of the spatial data model, and the contents of the building data model shall be analyzed. based on the analysis of the semantic, geometric, property and relationship information of the building, the building is layer-by-layer abstraction, and the conceptual model, the logical model and the physical model of the building are constructed, 3) The multi-level representation of the internal and external integrated building data model is based on the multi-detail level model proposed by CityGML, and the detail level of the internal and external integrated building data model proposed in this paper is divided. Analyze the building components, building space and building relationships that are associated with each level of detail. the building component, the building space and the building relation are extracted from the building component, the building space and the building relation set of the data model, based on the analysis of the characteristics of the main application analysis model related to the current building, the data model of the internal and external integrated building data model is used for analyzing the characteristics of the main application analysis model related to the current building, On the basis of the relation information, the method of extracting the building component, the building space and the related building relation of a certain area in the building is analyzed. The method for extracting the solid boundary of the building object, the space discrete method and the building internal communication network generation method are researched, and the support for the application analysis is realized. The innovation point of this paper includes the following aspects:1) The entity and its contact with the building are layer-by-layer abstraction, and a kind of semantic, geometric and attribute that can be included in the building is designed. the built-in building data model does not face any particular application, but can be based on the semantic, geometric, relationship, attribute information of the building component, the building space, And the operations built thereon to convert the relevant application analysis model to enable the model to support a variety of application analysis. The research of the internal and external integrated building data model is an in-depth exploration of the building modeling and simulation in the three-dimensional urban construction, further improving the theoretical system of the simulation and analysis of the internal and external integration geographic scene. The solution of the model-related problems can provide support for multi-function application, intelligent and multi-level expression of the building, and truly open the information interaction between the geographic information and the building science.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU17;TU205

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