木质林产品质量安全风险评价与控制研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 05:25

  本文选题：木质林产品 + 质量安全　； 参考：《中国林业科学研究院》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：中国是木质林产品生产和消费大国，改革开放以来，林业产业取得快速发展，产业规模不断扩大，产品质量稳步提升，有效促进了经济社会的健康发展。然而，当前人民生活水平不断提高，节约资源和环境保护意识不断增强，中国木质林产品质量总体状况与满足人民群众日益增长的客观需要还有较大差距。部分生产经营企业履行质量安全主体责任意识不强，企业管理水平不高，政府监管力度不足，相关法律法规体系不健全，产品质量安全问题时有发生，已引起了全社会的广泛关注。 开展木质林产品质量提升工作，是维护人民群众切实利益，创新产品质量安全政府监管方法，，促进经济社会健康发展的具体举措，具有十分重要的意义。基于此，开展木质林产品质量安全风险评价与控制研究，对于预防和控制中国木质林产品质量安全风险具有重要的理论和实践意义。 本研究以原木、锯材、人造板、木家具、木地板、结构用木材及防腐木材产品为主要研究对象，运用风险及风险管理等相关理论，采用定性分析、半定量分析、案例分析和对比分析等研究方法，开展了木质林产品质量安全风险的识别、评估和防控研究。主要内容及取得的主要研究成果如下： （1）在对风险及风险管理相关理论进行介绍的基础上，结合木质林产品本身的特性，对木质林产品质量安全风险的相关定义进行了阐述，描述了木质林产品质量安全风险的特性，明确木质林产品质量安全风险识别、风险评价和风险控制的涵义、目的、意义和程序，形成了较完整的木质林产品质量安全风险管理框架。 （2）木质林产品质量安全风险识别的研究。在搜集与木质林产品质量安全相关的风险信息的基础上，针对木质林产品质量安全存在的主要危害，从产品自身质量、企业生产环节及产品质量外部监管环节进行全面分析，提出了影响木质林产品质量安全的主要风险因素。结合问卷调查，提出从产品自身属性、企业生产加工及政府外部监管三个方面确定风险识别因子，其中产品自身属性方面主要风险因子有物理、化学和生物性风险因子；企业生产加工方面主要有原辅材料、生产加工和出厂检验风险；政府外部监管包括监管主体、监管制度和监管依据风险。 （3）木质林产品质量安全风险评价的研究。在风险因素识别和分析的基础上，提出了基于定性和半定量相结合的木质林产品质量安全风险评价方法。一是根据风险评价准则，对风险发生可能性和后果严重程度进行赋值，分别取1、2、3、4、5；二是采用专家问卷调查法，按照赋值标准，通过专家打分，确定各类木质林产品质量安全风险等级，分极高、高、中等、低和极低风险等级，最终实现木质林产品质量安全风险的评价。 （4）木质林产品质量安全风险控制的研究。在对木质林产品质量安全风险控制理论基础和方法分析的基础上，提出木质林产品质量安全风险控制点的概念。结合前面风险识别及评价结果，针对不同风险等级所对应的风险控制点等级进行评价，根据风险控制点等级，确定具体风险控制措施及其实施的优先顺序。 （5）木质林产品质量安全风险控制的具体措施和政策建议。微观方面：一是企业要加强产品生产加工过程质量控制，从原材料质量、生产加工环节及出厂检验环节进行控制；建立木质林产品质量安全追溯和召回制度。二是政府监管部门转变产品质量安全监管模式，构建产品质量安全风险监控体系，真正实现木质林产品质量安全风险的高效监管。宏观方面：国家通过完善相关法律法规体系建设，加强认证管理，加大科技投入力度，鼓励企业、消费者、行业协会及网络媒体等多主体积极参与监管，提高安全认识和实现信息共享等有效措施，建立木质林产品质量安全长效机制，多方面确保木质林产品质量安全。
[Abstract]:China is a big country in the production and consumption of wood forest products . Since the reform and opening - up , the forestry industry has made rapid development , the scale of the industry is expanding , the quality of the product is steadily improving , and the quality of the Chinese wood forest products is continuously improved , the quality of the resources and the environmental protection consciousness are constantly enhanced , and the overall situation of the quality safety body of the part of the production and operation enterprises is not high , the government supervision is insufficient , the relevant laws and regulations system is not perfect , the product quality safety problem occurs , and the wide attention of the whole society has been caused .

It is very important to carry out the quality promotion work of the wood forest products , which is a concrete measure to safeguard the effective interests of the people , innovate the product quality and the government regulation method , and promote the healthy development of the society and society . Based on this , the research on the evaluation and control of the quality safety risk of the wood forest products has important theoretical and practical significance for the prevention and control of the quality safety risk of China ' s wood forest products .

Based on the research methods of qualitative analysis , semi - quantitative analysis , case analysis and comparative analysis , we have carried out the identification , evaluation and prevention and control study on the quality safety risk of wood forest products . The main research results are as follows :

( 1 ) Based on the introduction of the theory of risk and risk management , the definition of quality safety risk of wood forest products is described by combining the characteristics of wood forest product itself . The characteristics of quality safety risk of wood forest products are described , the meaning , purpose , meaning and procedure of quality safety risk identification , risk evaluation and risk control of wood forest products are defined , and a complete quality safety risk management framework for wood forest products is formed .

( 2 ) The research on the quality safety risk identification of wood forest products . Based on collecting the risk information related to the quality safety of the wood forest products , the main risk factors affecting the quality safety of the wood forest products are analyzed from the aspects of the product ' s own quality , the production process of the enterprise and the external supervision of the product quality .
There are main raw and auxiliary materials , production processing and factory inspection risks in the production and processing of enterprises ;
The external supervision of the government includes the supervision subject , the supervision system and the supervision risk .

( 3 ) The research on the quality safety risk assessment of wood forest products . Based on the identification and analysis of risk factors , a quality safety risk evaluation method based on qualitative and semi - quantitative combination is proposed . First , according to the risk evaluation criterion , the probability of occurrence and the severity of the risk are assigned , and 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 are taken respectively ;
Second , by using the expert questionnaire method , according to the evaluation standard , the quality safety risk level of various kinds of wood forest products is determined according to the evaluation standard , and the quality safety risk level of various kinds of wood forest products is determined , and the evaluation of the quality safety risk of the wood forest products is finally realized .

( 4 ) The research on the quality safety risk control of wood forest products . Based on the analysis of the theory and method of quality safety risk control of wood forest products , the concept of quality safety risk control point for wood forest products is put forward . Based on the risk identification and evaluation results , the risk control points corresponding to different risk levels are evaluated , and the specific risk control measures and their implementation priority are determined according to the level of risk control points .

( 5 ) Specific measures and policy suggestions for quality safety risk control of wood forest products . Micro aspects : First , enterprises should strengthen the quality control of the production process of products , control the quality of raw materials , production and processing links and factory inspection links ;
The article sets up the quality safety traceability and recall system of the wood forest products . The second is that the government regulators change the product quality safety supervision mode , construct the product quality safety risk monitoring system , and truly realize the high efficiency supervision of the quality safety risk of the wood forest products .

【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F322;F326.2


本文编号：1771779