银行综合经营风险管理研究
发布时间：2018-08-06 13:00
【摘要】：对银行综合经营风险管理的研究具有很重要的理论和现实意义。本文以银行综合经营的理论基础、风险管理的理论基础、国内外实证研究的文献作为论文的理论基石,以国外银行经营的变迁及路径分析作为论文的研究背景,以国外银行综合经营风险管理的实践经验和国外银行综合经营风险外部监管体制为借鉴,分析了我国银行综合经营中可能出现的风险及我国银行的风险管理现状,实证分析了我国银行综合经营风险分散的效果,提出了适应我国银行综合经营的内部风险管理体系和外部监管体制。 全文共分为八个部分,各章主要研究内容和观点是: 导论部分,介绍了文章写作的的研究背景及研究意义,对主要的概念加以辨析,就研究方法和路线,论文的整体框架、创新点及未来的研究方向进行了说明。目前对银行综合经营风险管理研究,有利于完善适应我国金融综合经营的监管制度,有利于构筑完善内部风险管理体系,有序推进银行综合经营。 第1章,首先对银行综合经营的相关理论进行分析,从规模经济和范围经济、交易费用理论、金融功能理论和资产组合理论等四个方面入手,分析了银行综合经营的理论基础。其次对风险管理的理论基础和风险管理的演进加以分析,风险管理的需求源于现实经济和金融市场的不完美,公司管理者对风险的厌恶。风险管理在演进过程中具有明显的三个特点:风险控制向风险管理转化、单一风险管理向全面风险管理转化、定性分析向定量分析转化。最后对国内外已有的商业银行综合经营风险管理的文献按照是否产生综合收益、能够分散风险、不能分散风险、没有明确结论等四个方面进行了系统的、分层次的回顾和梳理。以上的理论分析和文献综述构成了文章研究的理论基石,银行综合经营来源于对规模经济、范围经济的追求,来源于分散风险的需求,交易费用的降低是银行综合经营的动力所在,而不变的金融功能是银行能够按照市场的需求选择综合经营。 第2章,分析了国外银行经营制度变迁的历程及路径,银行从产生,开始专业化经营,依次存在自然混业,分业,混业等四个阶段。银行制度总是随经济发展和经济环境的变化,在层次上表现为由低级向高级不断演进,国内银行也不例外,综合经营是我国银行必然选择的制度模式。国内银行已经积极开展综合经营,其动力来源于信息技术的发展,银行应对国际竞争的需要和银行转型的需要,以及满足顾客多元化需求的需要。 第3章,对银行综合经营的风险进行分析。风险分析是银行综合经营进行风险控制的基础,也是是否选择综合经营考虑的重要因素。从银行综合经营可选择的组织模式来看,有金融控股公司和全能银行两种模式。在目前分业经营、分业监管的体制下,采取金融控股公司是银行开展综合经营的主要形式。本文的风险分析就是基于金融控股公司的银行综合经营风险分析,认为银行综合经营的风险分为金融控股公司层面风险和金融控股公司子公司层面上风险,两个层面上的风险存在交叉。在金融控股公司层面主要有内部交易风险、利益冲突风险、高财务杠杆和清偿能力不足的风险、透明度降低造成的风险;在金融控股公司子公司层面上则通常存在信用风险、市场风险和操作风险等;两个层面上存在内部管理风险、法律和制度风险以及道德风险的重叠。对于银行综合化经营所出现的风险通常是无法穷尽说明,只能按照重要性列出可能存在的主要风险。本章还分析了银行综合经营后风险的传递机制,认为风险传递是造成银行综合经营风险扩大的主要因素。 第4章,承接第3章风险分析的基础上,对我国银行综合经营的风险进行实证研究。国内、外实证研究文献表明,模拟合并分析法是主流分析法,能够取得很好的实证效果。本章采用模拟合并分析法结合回归分析分析法,验证我国银行综合经营是否能够实现风险分散,分析风险分散中各金融机构各自的风险对分散效果的影响。实证结果表明我国银行综合经营确实能够实现风险分散的效果,在风险分散中,银行原有的风险所占比例很大,对综合经营风险分散的效果影响很大,揭示出银行在综合经营中应注重银行业风险的管理。实证的结果为我国银行综合经营提供了有力支持,明确了风险管理中的重点。 第5章,对国外大型银行综合经营的风险管理实践加以介绍,分别选取了英国的汇丰集团、美国的花旗集团、德国的德意志银行和日本的瑞穗金融控股集团。在对各国风险管理实践分析、比较的基础上总结了国外银行风险管理体系的构成,通常包括制度基础、组织框架,风险管理技术及风险管理文化等四个方面。通过借鉴国外的成熟经验,为构建我国银行综合经营的风险管理体系提供借鉴。最后对全面风险管理进行了介绍。 第6章,风险管理需要外部的监管体制和完善内部的风险管理体系相互配合,才能发挥最大的效用。本章首先分析了我国银行风险管理中存在的问题。国内银行在风险管理的观念、组织结构、风险管理技术、风险管理文化等方面均与国外大型银行存在较大的差距。本文认为构建我国银行综合经营全面风险管理体系,应借鉴国外成熟经验,结合我国实际国情,目前选择间接一体化风险管理模式,未来过渡到垂直一体化风险管理模式,并根据选择模式设置相应的风险管理部门。在风险管理制度上要确定控股公司和子公司的风险限额;加强风险管理信息制建设,明确风险管理的政策和程序;在风险度量方面,在定性分析的基础上,逐步吸收国外先进的风险管理技术;风险管理文化方面,要逐步建立适应我国特色的风险管理文化。同时,应完善内部控制制度和公司治理结构,设立防火墙。 第7章,介绍了美、英、德、日四国对银行综合经营的监管模式及监管的主要内容,为完善我国监管体制提供借鉴。我国现有的分业监管体制和法律制度,很难适应银行综合经营发展的需要。本文提出建立适应银行综合经营的风险管理监管体制,需要加强资本充足率水平,管理层任职资格、内控和公司治理、投资者保护等四个方面的监管,建立监管协调机制、风险预警机制、信息披露机制、危机处理机制。建立和完善适应银行综合经营发展的各项法律制度。 论文主要在以下几个方面有所创新: 1、对综合经营、混业经营相关概念进行比较和界定。目前的学术研究中,混业经营、综合经营等各种概念经常性地混同在一起,鲜有专门的学术文章和著作及文件中加以明确界定,本文从银行经营制度变迁的角度对综合经营、混业经营等概念比较和界定。银行经营制度通常可以划分为专业化、自然状态下的混业经营、分业、混业经营等四个阶段,在层次上表现为由低级不断向高级演进。综合经营是分业向混业经营中的一种过渡状态,它既包括银行业内业务之间的多元化经营也包括各行业的跨业经营,是以金融控股公司为主要组织模式,在我国分业监管体制下,从事混业经营的一种金融制度模式。国外并没有综合经营的说法,通常以多元化经营作为现阶段的概括。我国的综合经营与国外的多元化经营存在很大的不同,综合经营是在国内法律和监管体制并没有发生变化的情况下,金融机构从事多项金融业务的变通方式,考虑到为防范、控制风险的需要,目前的综合经营禁止金融机构涉入实业。现阶段的综合经营不等同于自然状态下的混业经营,它是银行经营制度的一种高级形式,也不等同于完全的混业经营,它是完全混业经营的过渡形式。本文认为综合经营是指商业银行业务、证券业务、其它投资性金融业务在不同程度和不同范围上相融合,以金融控股公司为组织模式,可以进行跨业经营而不能涉足实业的金融制度。 2、研究对象的选择上,本文专门对银行综合经营的风险管理进行研究。目前各学者主要以金融控股公司、混业经营、全能银行等为题展开研究,内容上对银行综合经营风险管理均有涉及,但缺乏对银行综合经营的系统研究。本文则将银行综合经营风险管理进行专门研究,在指导实践上更具有针对性。 3、在实证分析的数据和样本选择上,本文采用了1999-2005年的数据,在对样本的选择上选取2007年银行家排名前列的上市银行,证券公司选择中信证券和宏源证券两家上市证券公司,以及其他六家保险公司作为样本,兼顾综合保险公司和产、寿险专业公司。数据和样本的选择通常对模拟合并分析的结果影响很大,选取最新的数据和合适的样本更能反映实际情况。
[Abstract]:The research on the risk management of comprehensive bank management is of great theoretical and practical significance. This paper is based on the theoretical foundation of the comprehensive bank management, the theoretical foundation of the risk management, the literature of the empirical research at home and abroad as the cornerstone of the thesis, and the research background of the foreign banks' management changes and path analysis, and the foreign banks The practical experience of comprehensive management risk management and the foreign bank comprehensive management risk external supervision system are used for reference to analyze the possible risks in the comprehensive management of China's banks and the current situation of risk management in China's banks. The results of the risk dispersion of the comprehensive management of China's banks are analyzed, and the comprehensive management of China's banks is put forward. Internal risk management system and external regulatory system.
The full text is divided into eight parts. The main contents and viewpoints of each chapter are:
In the introduction part, it introduces the research background and significance of the article writing, analyzes the main concepts, and explains the research methods and routes, the overall framework of the paper, the innovation point and the future research direction. At present, the research on the risk management of the comprehensive management of the bank is beneficial to the improvement of the supervision system adapted to the comprehensive financial management in China. It is conducive to building and perfecting the internal risk management system and promoting the comprehensive operation of banks in an orderly way.
The first chapter, first of all, analysis of the related theories of comprehensive bank management, from four aspects of scale economy and scope economy, transaction cost theory, financial function theory and asset portfolio theory, the theoretical basis of the comprehensive management of banks is analyzed. Secondly, the theoretical basis of the risk management and the evolution of risk management are analyzed, and the risk management is also analyzed. The demand of reason stems from the imperfections of real economic and financial markets and the disgust of corporate managers. In the process of evolution, risk management has three distinct characteristics: Transformation of risk control to risk management, transformation from single risk management to comprehensive risk management, qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis. The literature of bank comprehensive management risk management is based on four aspects, such as whether the comprehensive income is generated, the risk can be dispersed, the risk can not be dispersed, and there is no clear conclusion. The theoretical analysis and the literature review are the cornerstones of the research. The comprehensive management of the bank comes from the scale of the bank. The pursuit of economy and scope economy comes from the demand of dispersing risk. The reduction of transaction cost is the motive force of the comprehensive operation of the bank, and the constant financial function is that the bank can choose comprehensive management according to the market demand.
The second chapter analyzes the course and path of the change of the foreign bank management system. The bank is from the emergence and the professional operation, and there are four stages of the natural mixing, dividing and mixing. The banking system always changes with the economic development and the economic environment. At the level, the bank is constantly evolving from the low level to the higher level, and the domestic banks are no exception. Management is the inevitable choice of China's banking system. Domestic banks have actively carried out comprehensive management. Their motivation comes from the development of information technology, the needs of the banks to meet the needs of international competition and the needs of the banking transformation, and the needs of the customer's diversified needs.
The third chapter analyzes the risk of comprehensive bank management. Risk analysis is the basis of risk control in the comprehensive management of banks, and is also an important factor to choose comprehensive management. From the view of the optional organization mode of the comprehensive management of banks, there are two modes of financial holding companies and Almighty bank. Under the system, the financial holding company is the main form of the comprehensive operation of the bank. The risk analysis of this paper is based on the risk analysis of the comprehensive management of the bank. The risk of the comprehensive management of the bank is divided into two levels: the risk of the financial holding company and the risk on the level of the subsidiary company of the financial holding company. At the level of financial holding companies, there are internal transactions risk, conflict of interest risk, high financial leverage and lack of liquidity risk, the risk of transparency reduction; in the financial holding company, the subsidiary company level usually exists credit risk, market risk and operational risk; there are internal management at the two level. The risk, legal and institutional risk and the overlap of moral hazard. The risk of a bank's integrated operation is usually inexhaustible. It can only list the main risks that may exist according to its importance. This chapter also analyzes the transfer mechanism of the risk after the comprehensive operation of the bank, and thinks that the risk transfer is the risk of the comprehensive management of the bank. The main factor of expansion.
The fourth chapter, on the basis of the third chapter risk analysis, carries out an empirical study on the risk of China's bank comprehensive management. The domestic and foreign empirical research literature shows that the simulation combined analysis method is the mainstream analysis method, and can achieve good empirical results. Whether the risk dispersal can be realized and the impact of the respective risks of each financial institution in the risk decentralization is analyzed. The empirical results show that the comprehensive management of the banks in China can indeed achieve the effect of decentralization of risk. In the risk dispersion, the original risk of the bank has a large proportion and has a great effect on the effect of the diversification of the comprehensive management risk. It reveals that the bank should pay attention to the management of the banking risk in the comprehensive operation. The empirical results provide a strong support for the comprehensive management of the banks in China, and the key points in the risk management are clearly defined.
The fifth chapter introduces the risk management practice of the comprehensive foreign banks in foreign countries, and selects the HSBC Group in Britain, the Citigroup of the United States, Germany's Deutsche Bank and Mizuho Financial Holding Group in Japan. The composition of the risk management system of foreign banks is summarized on the basis of the analysis of the practice of risk management in various countries. It usually includes four aspects, such as system foundation, organizational framework, risk management technology and risk management culture. By drawing on the mature experience of foreign countries, we can provide reference for the construction of the risk management system of China's bank comprehensive management. Finally, the comprehensive risk management is introduced.
The sixth chapter, risk management needs the external supervision system and the internal risk management system to cooperate with each other, can play the greatest utility. This chapter first analyzes the problems in the bank risk management in our country. It is believed that the comprehensive risk management system of the comprehensive management of China's banks should draw on the mature experience of foreign countries and combine the actual conditions of our country, and choose the indirect integrated risk management model, the future transition to the vertical integrated risk management model, and set up the corresponding risk management department according to the selection model. In the risk management system, we should determine the risk limit of the holding companies and subsidiaries, strengthen the construction of the risk management information system, clear the policies and procedures of risk management, and gradually absorb advanced foreign risk management technology on the basis of qualitative analysis. At the same time, we should improve the internal control system and corporate governance structure, and set up a firewall.
The seventh chapter introduces the supervision mode and main contents of the four countries of the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan on the comprehensive management of banks, and provides reference for the improvement of our country's regulatory system. The existing division of supervision system and legal system in our country is difficult to adapt to the needs of the comprehensive management and development of the banks. This paper proposes to establish a risk management supervision and regulation to adapt to the comprehensive management of the banks. The system needs to strengthen the regulation of four aspects, such as the level of capital adequacy, the qualification of the management, the internal control and corporate governance, the protection of investors, and the establishment and improvement of various legal systems to adapt to the comprehensive management and development of the bank.
The thesis is mainly innovative in the following aspects:
1, it compares and defines the concepts of integrated management and mixed operation. In the current academic research, the concepts of mixed operation and comprehensive management are often mixed together, and there are few special academic articles and books and documents to be defined clearly. This article from the perspective of the transition of banking system to mixed operation, mixed operation and so on. Concept comparison and definition. The bank management system can usually be divided into four stages, such as specialization, mixed operation in natural state, division of business, mixed operation and so on. Management also includes the cross industry operation of various industries. It is a financial system model that takes the financial holding company as the main organization mode and is engaged in mixed operation under the separate supervision system of our country. There is no comprehensive operation abroad. There are great differences in the comprehensive management of the financial institutions engaged in a variety of financial services under the circumstances of the domestic law and regulatory system. Considering the need to prevent and control the risks, the current comprehensive operation prohibits the financial institutions from entering the industry. The comprehensive operation at this stage is not equal to the natural state. Mixed operation is a kind of advanced form of bank management system, which is not equal to complete mixed operation. It is a transitional form of complete mixed operation. This article holds that comprehensive management refers to commercial bank business, securities business, and other investment financial services in different degrees and different ranges, with financial holding companies as groups. Weaving mode can carry out cross industry operation but can not set foot in the industrial financial system.
2, the choice of the research object, this article specializes in the research on the risk management of the comprehensive bank management. At present, the scholars mainly study the problems of the financial holding companies, the mixed operation, the Almighty bank and so on. The content is related to the risk management of the comprehensive management of the banks, but the systematic research on the comprehensive management of the banks is lack. The risk management of integrated operation is studied specifically, and it is more targeted in guiding practice.
3, in the data and sample selection of the empirical analysis, this paper uses 1999-2005 years of data to select the listed banks in the top ranking of the bankers in 2007, and the securities companies choose both CITIC Securities and Hongyuan securities listed securities companies, as well as six other insurance companies as samples, taking into account the comprehensive insurance companies and production. A life insurance company. The selection of data and samples usually has a great impact on the results of the simulated combined analysis. The selection of the latest data and the appropriate sample can reflect the actual situation more.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F832.2
本文编号：2167812
[Abstract]:The research on the risk management of comprehensive bank management is of great theoretical and practical significance. This paper is based on the theoretical foundation of the comprehensive bank management, the theoretical foundation of the risk management, the literature of the empirical research at home and abroad as the cornerstone of the thesis, and the research background of the foreign banks' management changes and path analysis, and the foreign banks The practical experience of comprehensive management risk management and the foreign bank comprehensive management risk external supervision system are used for reference to analyze the possible risks in the comprehensive management of China's banks and the current situation of risk management in China's banks. The results of the risk dispersion of the comprehensive management of China's banks are analyzed, and the comprehensive management of China's banks is put forward. Internal risk management system and external regulatory system.
The full text is divided into eight parts. The main contents and viewpoints of each chapter are:
In the introduction part, it introduces the research background and significance of the article writing, analyzes the main concepts, and explains the research methods and routes, the overall framework of the paper, the innovation point and the future research direction. At present, the research on the risk management of the comprehensive management of the bank is beneficial to the improvement of the supervision system adapted to the comprehensive financial management in China. It is conducive to building and perfecting the internal risk management system and promoting the comprehensive operation of banks in an orderly way.
The first chapter, first of all, analysis of the related theories of comprehensive bank management, from four aspects of scale economy and scope economy, transaction cost theory, financial function theory and asset portfolio theory, the theoretical basis of the comprehensive management of banks is analyzed. Secondly, the theoretical basis of the risk management and the evolution of risk management are analyzed, and the risk management is also analyzed. The demand of reason stems from the imperfections of real economic and financial markets and the disgust of corporate managers. In the process of evolution, risk management has three distinct characteristics: Transformation of risk control to risk management, transformation from single risk management to comprehensive risk management, qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis. The literature of bank comprehensive management risk management is based on four aspects, such as whether the comprehensive income is generated, the risk can be dispersed, the risk can not be dispersed, and there is no clear conclusion. The theoretical analysis and the literature review are the cornerstones of the research. The comprehensive management of the bank comes from the scale of the bank. The pursuit of economy and scope economy comes from the demand of dispersing risk. The reduction of transaction cost is the motive force of the comprehensive operation of the bank, and the constant financial function is that the bank can choose comprehensive management according to the market demand.
The second chapter analyzes the course and path of the change of the foreign bank management system. The bank is from the emergence and the professional operation, and there are four stages of the natural mixing, dividing and mixing. The banking system always changes with the economic development and the economic environment. At the level, the bank is constantly evolving from the low level to the higher level, and the domestic banks are no exception. Management is the inevitable choice of China's banking system. Domestic banks have actively carried out comprehensive management. Their motivation comes from the development of information technology, the needs of the banks to meet the needs of international competition and the needs of the banking transformation, and the needs of the customer's diversified needs.
The third chapter analyzes the risk of comprehensive bank management. Risk analysis is the basis of risk control in the comprehensive management of banks, and is also an important factor to choose comprehensive management. From the view of the optional organization mode of the comprehensive management of banks, there are two modes of financial holding companies and Almighty bank. Under the system, the financial holding company is the main form of the comprehensive operation of the bank. The risk analysis of this paper is based on the risk analysis of the comprehensive management of the bank. The risk of the comprehensive management of the bank is divided into two levels: the risk of the financial holding company and the risk on the level of the subsidiary company of the financial holding company. At the level of financial holding companies, there are internal transactions risk, conflict of interest risk, high financial leverage and lack of liquidity risk, the risk of transparency reduction; in the financial holding company, the subsidiary company level usually exists credit risk, market risk and operational risk; there are internal management at the two level. The risk, legal and institutional risk and the overlap of moral hazard. The risk of a bank's integrated operation is usually inexhaustible. It can only list the main risks that may exist according to its importance. This chapter also analyzes the transfer mechanism of the risk after the comprehensive operation of the bank, and thinks that the risk transfer is the risk of the comprehensive management of the bank. The main factor of expansion.
The fourth chapter, on the basis of the third chapter risk analysis, carries out an empirical study on the risk of China's bank comprehensive management. The domestic and foreign empirical research literature shows that the simulation combined analysis method is the mainstream analysis method, and can achieve good empirical results. Whether the risk dispersal can be realized and the impact of the respective risks of each financial institution in the risk decentralization is analyzed. The empirical results show that the comprehensive management of the banks in China can indeed achieve the effect of decentralization of risk. In the risk dispersion, the original risk of the bank has a large proportion and has a great effect on the effect of the diversification of the comprehensive management risk. It reveals that the bank should pay attention to the management of the banking risk in the comprehensive operation. The empirical results provide a strong support for the comprehensive management of the banks in China, and the key points in the risk management are clearly defined.
The fifth chapter introduces the risk management practice of the comprehensive foreign banks in foreign countries, and selects the HSBC Group in Britain, the Citigroup of the United States, Germany's Deutsche Bank and Mizuho Financial Holding Group in Japan. The composition of the risk management system of foreign banks is summarized on the basis of the analysis of the practice of risk management in various countries. It usually includes four aspects, such as system foundation, organizational framework, risk management technology and risk management culture. By drawing on the mature experience of foreign countries, we can provide reference for the construction of the risk management system of China's bank comprehensive management. Finally, the comprehensive risk management is introduced.
The sixth chapter, risk management needs the external supervision system and the internal risk management system to cooperate with each other, can play the greatest utility. This chapter first analyzes the problems in the bank risk management in our country. It is believed that the comprehensive risk management system of the comprehensive management of China's banks should draw on the mature experience of foreign countries and combine the actual conditions of our country, and choose the indirect integrated risk management model, the future transition to the vertical integrated risk management model, and set up the corresponding risk management department according to the selection model. In the risk management system, we should determine the risk limit of the holding companies and subsidiaries, strengthen the construction of the risk management information system, clear the policies and procedures of risk management, and gradually absorb advanced foreign risk management technology on the basis of qualitative analysis. At the same time, we should improve the internal control system and corporate governance structure, and set up a firewall.
The seventh chapter introduces the supervision mode and main contents of the four countries of the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan on the comprehensive management of banks, and provides reference for the improvement of our country's regulatory system. The existing division of supervision system and legal system in our country is difficult to adapt to the needs of the comprehensive management and development of the banks. This paper proposes to establish a risk management supervision and regulation to adapt to the comprehensive management of the banks. The system needs to strengthen the regulation of four aspects, such as the level of capital adequacy, the qualification of the management, the internal control and corporate governance, the protection of investors, and the establishment and improvement of various legal systems to adapt to the comprehensive management and development of the bank.
The thesis is mainly innovative in the following aspects:
1, it compares and defines the concepts of integrated management and mixed operation. In the current academic research, the concepts of mixed operation and comprehensive management are often mixed together, and there are few special academic articles and books and documents to be defined clearly. This article from the perspective of the transition of banking system to mixed operation, mixed operation and so on. Concept comparison and definition. The bank management system can usually be divided into four stages, such as specialization, mixed operation in natural state, division of business, mixed operation and so on. Management also includes the cross industry operation of various industries. It is a financial system model that takes the financial holding company as the main organization mode and is engaged in mixed operation under the separate supervision system of our country. There is no comprehensive operation abroad. There are great differences in the comprehensive management of the financial institutions engaged in a variety of financial services under the circumstances of the domestic law and regulatory system. Considering the need to prevent and control the risks, the current comprehensive operation prohibits the financial institutions from entering the industry. The comprehensive operation at this stage is not equal to the natural state. Mixed operation is a kind of advanced form of bank management system, which is not equal to complete mixed operation. It is a transitional form of complete mixed operation. This article holds that comprehensive management refers to commercial bank business, securities business, and other investment financial services in different degrees and different ranges, with financial holding companies as groups. Weaving mode can carry out cross industry operation but can not set foot in the industrial financial system.
2, the choice of the research object, this article specializes in the research on the risk management of the comprehensive bank management. At present, the scholars mainly study the problems of the financial holding companies, the mixed operation, the Almighty bank and so on. The content is related to the risk management of the comprehensive management of the banks, but the systematic research on the comprehensive management of the banks is lack. The risk management of integrated operation is studied specifically, and it is more targeted in guiding practice.
3, in the data and sample selection of the empirical analysis, this paper uses 1999-2005 years of data to select the listed banks in the top ranking of the bankers in 2007, and the securities companies choose both CITIC Securities and Hongyuan securities listed securities companies, as well as six other insurance companies as samples, taking into account the comprehensive insurance companies and production. A life insurance company. The selection of data and samples usually has a great impact on the results of the simulated combined analysis. The selection of the latest data and the appropriate sample can reflect the actual situation more.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F832.2
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