城市综合生态风险评价——以淮北市城区为例

发布时间：2018-08-07 08:15

【摘要】：城市面临复杂的生态风险,为了保障城市安全,需要对单一灾害或污染源的生态风险评估结果进行整合。基于城市复合生态系统特性,将当前城市地域常见的生态风险区分为自然灾害、环境污染及生态退化等3种主要类型,以土地利用单元作为风险受体,整合自然、人文、景观及环境因子,在现有生态风险评价研究方法基础上,构建了城市综合生态风险评价的空间分析框架。研究中选择淮北市城区作为研究区,针对研究区内存在的洪涝、干旱、水污染、大气污染、采煤塌陷及生态服务降低等生态风险类型,定量评价其空间差异,并提出相应的风险防范措施。案例分析结果表明,研究区综合生态风险较高的区域包括龙河、岱河、龙岱河与闸河等过境河流流经塌陷密集带的河段,北湖、东湖、中湖及南湖等人工湖泊沿岸,化家湖湖岸,及土型、新蔡、北杨新杨煤矿及其外围地区。由降低生态风险保障城市生态安全角度,在未来城市的整体规划中,建议结合城市外围绿地与城市内部的高风险区域,划设禁建或限建区域,共同构建淮北城市生态风险防范的空间结构。
[Abstract]:Cities face complex ecological risks. In order to ensure the safety of cities, it is necessary to integrate the results of ecological risk assessment of single disaster or pollution source. Based on the characteristics of urban complex ecosystem, the common ecological risks in urban areas are divided into three main types: natural disaster, environmental pollution and ecological degradation. The land use unit is used as the risk receptor to integrate nature and humanity. Based on the existing research methods of ecological risk assessment, the spatial analysis framework of urban comprehensive ecological risk assessment is constructed. In the study, Huaibei City was selected as the study area, and the spatial differences were quantitatively evaluated in view of the ecological risk types such as flood, drought, water pollution, air pollution, coal mining collapse and the reduction of ecological services in the study area. And put forward the corresponding risk prevention measures. The results of case study show that the regions with high ecological risk in the study area include the crossing rivers such as Longhe, Daihe, Longdai and sluice rivers, which flow through the river section of the collapsed dense zone, the northern lake, the east lake, the middle lake and the south lake, and so on artificial lakes littoral, such as the north lake, the east lake, the middle lake and the south lake, etc. Hujia Lake shore, and soil type, Xincai, North Yang Xin Yang Coal Mine and its surrounding areas. From the point of view of reducing ecological risk and ensuring urban ecological security, in the overall planning of future cities, it is suggested to establish forbidden or restricted construction areas in combination with urban outer green space and high risk areas within the city. Construct the spatial structure of ecological risk prevention in Huaibei city.
【作者单位】：中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室;农业部资源遥感与数字农业重点开放实验室;北京大学深圳研究生院;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2010CB951502) 国家自然科学基金重点项目(71033005);国家自然科学基金项目(41001381) “十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC28B04)
【分类号】：X820.4

【参考文献】