逐步利率市场化下国有银行如何完善小微信贷

发布时间：2018-01-03 00:32

本文关键词：逐步利率市场化下国有银行如何完善小微信贷　出处：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前我国的银行业特别是国有大型银行仍旧不能满足小微企业的融资需求,尽管小微企业在完善我国社会主义的经济体制,丰富人民的物质和精神生活,促进社会就业上做出了巨大的贡献,但它们在我国经济中却一直处于弱势地位,普遍受到银行业的“歧视”。在利率管制下,小微企业即使愿意承担较高的利率也难以得到金融机构的贷款。而今,资金的短缺严重影响了小微企业的健康发展。此外,随着国际经济的不景气,再加上原材料以及人工成本的上升,利润空间进一步被挤压,经营面临严重困难,因此,部分企业主只能接受极高利率的社会资金,还有甚者,对资金玩起了“击鼓传花”,极大地破坏了我国的信用体系。2011年的“吴英”案再次将我国金融体制的缺陷推上了风口浪尖。我国小微企业资金需求有着“短频快”的特点,但由于信息不对称的影响,我国银行业特别是国有银行对于小微企业贷款的审批环节往往过于繁琐,抵押担保门槛过于严格,从而导致信贷资金长期流向国有垄断性企业,这已然使得小微企业强烈的资金需求和我国银行业供给体制的矛盾成为我国经济发展的一个突出矛盾。本文阐述了利率市场化和小微企业的相关概念,从两个角度来分析小微信贷对于银行业的贡献。一方面是由于逐步利率市场化,在今后一段时间银行业都将伴随着息差的减少,大企业的逐渐自主发债,金融脱媒现象的逐渐加深,因此迫切需要完善小微信贷来突破困境。另一方面则是由于小微企业对于银行来说自身的价值以及对于国民经济来说的重要性来得出银行也需要逐步建立相应的小微信贷体制。此外,本文也通过对美国富国银行的成功经验以及自身在国有银行实习经历,并结合了多方学者及小微企业现状的调研报告,根据这些数据以及目前中国的现状分析了小微企业贷款难的原因,最后通过这些原因提出了如何完善小微信贷一些方法的建议,诸如客户结构的主动调整、客户数据库的建立、小微信贷产品的创新、小微授信流程的创新等解决方案。其中最为重要的就是批量授信模式、客户数据库的建立以及创新抵押担保模式,这是目前我国银行业小微信贷迫切要解决的几个首先问题。不过,小微信贷领域的很多体制和模式都是全球性的经济和社会难题,本文的观点仅是管中窥豹,希望能让小微企业与银行之间的资金供求矛盾得到一定的缓解。
[Abstract]:At present, China's banking industry especially large state-owned banks still can not meet the financing needs of Small and micro businesses, although Small and micro businesses in the perfection of China's socialist economic system, the rich people's material and spiritual life, promote social employment has made great contribution, but they are in the economy of our country has been in a weak the status, generally by the banks "discrimination". Under the control of interest rates, Small and micro businesses even willing to bear higher interest rates would be difficult to get loans from financial institutions. Now, the shortage of funds has seriously affected the healthy development of Small and micro businesses. In addition, the international economic downturn, coupled with raw materials and labor costs rise, profit margins further squeezed, business are facing serious difficulties, therefore, some business owners can only accept the high rates of social capital, there are still, funds for playing "flower drum ".2011 has done great damage to the credit system of our country in the" Wu Ying "case again defects of China's financial system on China in the teeth of the storm. Small and micro businesses funds demand" features short frequency fast, but due to the impact of information asymmetry in China's banking industry, especially in the bank for Small and micro businesses loan approval procedures are often too cumbersome, mortgage threshold is too strict, resulting in long-term credit funds flows to the state-owned monopoly enterprises, it has made the contradiction of Small and micro businesses strong capital demand and supply system of China's banking industry has become a prominent contradiction in the economic development of our country.
This paper describes the concept of interest rate marketization and Small and micro businesses, to analyze the contribution of small and micro credit for the banking industry from two aspects. One is due to the gradual liberalization of interest rate in the next period of time, the banking industry will be accompanied by a decrease in spreads, large enterprises gradually independent bonds, financial deepening disintermediation, so there is an urgent need to improve the small and micro credit to break through the predicament. On the other hand is due to Small and micro businesses for the banks own value and importance to the national economy is out of the bank also needs to gradually establish the corresponding small micro credit system. In addition, this article also through the experience of successful experience of Wells Fargo and its practice in state-owned banks, combined with the investigation report many scholars and the status quo Small and micro businesses, according to the data and the current situation of China Small and micro businesses loans The reason for these reasons, finally put forward how to improve the small and micro credit some methods are suggested, such as the initiative to adjust the structure of customers, build customer database, innovative small and micro credit products, small micro credit process innovation solutions. The most important is the credit mode of batch, the establishment of database and the customer the innovation of mortgage guarantee mode, this is the Chinese banking small micro credit is urgent to solve the first problem. However, many of the field of small and micro credit system and mode are of global economic and social problems, the view is only hope that money supply and demand can see only a small part, so that small and micro enterprises and banks between the get some relief.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4

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