货币政策对经济不平等的影响评述

发布时间：2018-01-14 00:25

本文关键词：货币政策对经济不平等的影响评述　出处：《经济评论》2013年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：经济不平等问题是一个全球性难题,一方面其表现为增量维度上的收入不平等,另一方面则对应于存量维度上的财富不平等。文献回顾表明,货币政策可以通过多种途径影响收入不平等和财富不平等。货币政策不仅可在长期内通过长期通货膨胀水平、总需求波动水平和经济增长作用于经济不平等,也可在短期内通过失业率、国民收入结构等实际变量和利率、通货膨胀率、资产价格等价格变量的变化影响经济不平等。不仅如此,货币政策本身的过程性使扩张性货币政策具有促使贫者愈贫、富者愈富的"马太效应",而货币政策对产出的非对称效应也导致经济不平等程度在货币政策扩张和紧缩的交替实施中逐渐累积。综合考虑上述影响,有助于对"货币政策是否适用于缩小经济不平等"这一问题做出科学的判断。
[Abstract]:Economic inequality is a global problem. On the one hand, it is the income inequality in the increment dimension, on the other hand, it corresponds to the wealth inequality in the stock dimension. Monetary policy can influence income inequality and wealth inequality in many ways. Monetary policy not only can affect economic inequality in the long run through long-term inflation level, but also through fluctuating level of aggregate demand and economic growth. Economic inequality can also be affected in the short term by changes in real variables such as unemployment, national income structure and interest rates, inflation rates, asset prices, etc. The process of monetary policy itself makes expansionary monetary policy have the "Matthew effect" which urges the poor to become poorer and the rich to become richer. The asymmetric effect of monetary policy on output also leads to the gradual accumulation of economic inequality in the alternating implementation of monetary policy expansion and austerity. It helps to make a scientific judgment on whether monetary policy is suitable for reducing economic inequality.
【作者单位】：南开大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“我国投资效率及国际比较研究”(项目编号:11CJY094) 教育部人文社科青年项目“金融创新及其监管的结构性错配问题”(项目编号:09YJC790158)的支持
【分类号】：F820;F014.4
【正文快照】： 一、引言收入不平等是当前全世界大多数国家所面临的一大经济问题。放眼全球,OECD国家的平均基尼系数已经由20世纪80年代中期的0.29上升至近期的0.32,其中美国的收入不平等程度尤为严重(Beno錴tC錧uré,2012);而拉丁美洲各国的收入不平等状况虽然近年来有所缓和,但其平均基尼

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