中国民间金融的自律监管体系构建

发布时间：2018-01-16 05:04

本文关键词：中国民间金融的自律监管体系构建　出处：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自改革开放以来,中国的经济体制处于渐进式的转型进程之中。在这一过程中,国家的经济发展取得了巨大成就,持续的高速增长让世人惊叹。经济的高速增长,非国有经济部门功不可没。然而,据统计,自经济转型以来,虽然非国有经济部门对国家GDP的贡献达到了62%以上,但与之相对应的却是仅获得了银行贷款总量的20%左右。1非国有经济部门的发展是离不开融资问题的解决,当无法获得正规金融支持时,民间金融应需自发而生,为非国有经济部门的发展起到了巨大的支撑作用。民间金融是一种诱致性制度变迁的结果,有着自身的优势,也具有相应的局限性,当所依赖的契约保障机制因外部条件的改变,也相应爆发出了一系列的问题,有的甚至造成了巨大的危害。政府出于谨慎的考虑,一直没有赋予其合法的身份,并对其采取了严苛的监管措施。在实际执行中,认定民间金融为非法,风险爆发一个则取缔一个,如若风险没有爆发,则睁一只眼闭一只眼,任其自流。因而,禁止性的严苛监管实际上相当于没有监管。民间金融作为对正规金融服务不足的完善者,伴随着经济的发展规模已越来越大,在对促进经济增长发挥着重要作用的同时也埋下了巨大的隐患,从“福安倒会风波”到近年来频繁爆发“跑路潮”,已经充分揭示了这一点。政府现时采取的“缺位”监管已经无法再持续下去。政府也深刻地认识到了“缺位”监管可能导致的巨大隐患。同时,我国当前的金融体制的“抑制”已经严重阻碍了经济的发展。民间金融作为正规金融服务不足的补充者,也将成为未来金融体制深化进程中最重要的参与者。引导民间金融走上规范化的发展之路,对其进行有效监管,降低其存在的潜在危害,促使其为经济的发展做出更大的贡献,这些已经成了当前的社会共识。2010年5月,国务院再次公布了促进民间投资健康发展的相关文件,以正式文件的形式肯定了民间金融的合理性,开启了民间金融的转型及有效监管的探索之路。一直以来,政府只拥有对正规金融监管的相关经验,缺乏对民间金融监管的相应经验,究竟什么样的监管体系才适合民间金融,将是一个极富挑战性且亟待解决的难题。针对这一问题,本文将在对民间金融监管的相关理论和实践进行探析后,结合我国转型期的特殊国情,构建出一个基于自律性监管为核心的中国民间金融自律性监管体系,为促进我国民间金融的规范发展提供了一种可能的思路。本文的研究将具有一定的现实意义。Ⅱ 本文第一章,导论,对民间金融现有研究成果进行了梳理。通过综述得出转型期中国民间金融产生的重要原因是“金融抑制”,而在解决信息不对称问题上的相对优势是民间金融产生的根源。这两点决定了民间金融具有客观合理性,并将长期存在。在当前的经济形势下,既迫切需要民间金融为经济的发展做出更大的贡献,但民间金融自身又具有脆弱性,因此当前的禁止性监管模式,己不能再持续下去了,迫切需要构建针对民间金融的有效监管体系。第二章,金融监管理论,对现有的几种金融监管理论进行分析后,指出相关金融监管理论给民间金融监管所带来的启示。将通过的现有的公共利益理论、私人利益理论、监管的成本收益理论进行介绍后,指出由于外部性及信息不对称的存在,对民间金融进行监管是符合公共利益的。然而如果直接以政府作为监管主体,由于政府私人利益的存在将损害公众利益,同时以政府为主体的监管体系也不一定符合监管的成本收益理论的要求。因此,在对民间金融进行监管时,要对监管实施可能产生的成本收益进行认真评估,避免成本大于收益的监管方案被采用。第三章,金融监管模式,将对基于不同监管主体的几类监管模式进行对比分析,分别指出各类监管模式的优点及局限性。本文基于监管主体的不同,将金融监管模式分类为政府监管模式、行业自律监管模式、社会公众监管模式。指出对于不同的监管主体,由于在参与监管时拥有不同的利益指向及不同的有利于监管的资源,而将花费不同的成本,并导致不同的监管效果。对于政府监管模式而言,在具有权威性的同时,也拥有难以克服信息不对称及拥有私人利益指向的缺陷；而行业自律监管模式则在解决信息不对称上具有优势,同时能制定更符合实际的规范准则,但难以拥有权威性,难以有效运营；社会公众监管模式虽然拥有庞大的信息量,但难以克服搭便车问题,这也正是市场失灵的原因所在。第四章,民间金融监管的发展实践,将对现有民间金融监管实践进行分析。通过对较具代表性的美国模式及台湾模式进行介绍后,归纳出这两种模式对构建中国民间金融监管体系的借鉴意义。美国模式和台湾模式都以立法的形式赋予民间金融合法的身份,并积极鼓励民间金融向正规中小金融机构转化。另外台湾模式则更多地颁发相应的规范化法律,促使民间金融规范化运营,降低风险。而美国模式中民间金融的监管权限被赋予了各州政府,并且各州政府可以根据本地民间金融发展的实际情况,灵活地制定规范标准。第五章,转型期中国民间金融监管的现实特征,首先将分析对民间金融监管的逻辑,然后指出我国民间金融监管现状的进行了分析,最后指出了我国监管模式改进的可能方向。福安“倒会”事件及温州“跑路潮”作为民间金融风险爆发的典型案例,从中,我们可以分析出我国民间金融制度的内在缺陷。民间金融制度的脆弱性是当前实施“禁止性”监管的重要原因,但是现有的高强度监管安排并没有达到预期的效果,反而存在较多的缺陷。继而,进一步分析了一个基于行业自律为核心的监管体系的优势之所在。最后,指出了中国民间金融监管体系的可选方向是以行业自律为核心。第六章,转型期中国民间金融自律性监管体系的制度设计,在提出了民间金融监管体系设计应遵循的原则后,分析了民间金融行业协会的具体设计思路,最后提出了中国民间金融自律监管体系具体的构建安排。本文提出当前所应建立的民间金融监管体系将以防范系统风险、促进效率及合作为原则。借助利益集团的选择性激励理论及奥斯特罗姆的自主治理框架的启示,提出了民间金融行业协会所应提供的选择性激励及协会在运作机制上应注意的要点。最后从制度层面、行政机制层面及行业协会的日常自律的操作层面对转型期的中国民间金融自律监管体系进行了具体构思。通过研究,本文得出以下主要观点：第一,民间金融的存在具有客观的合理性,应该承认其合法性,并构建合理的监管体系；第二,对民间金融引入监管是符合公共利益的,但在构建具体的监管体系时需要防止损害公众利益的现象出现,并要注重评估监管实施的成本及收益,确保符合公共利益；第三,政府不一定民间金融市场失灵的最优矫正者,具有社会和政府合法性的民间金融协会亦能替代政府成为民间金融的监管者；第四,基于我国转型期的特殊时代背景及民间金融的发展现状,构建一个以自律监管为核心的民间金融监管体系将是较优的选择。Ⅲ 本文的创新在于对现有的金融监管理论进行分析后,分析了对民间金融进行监管的依据；同时结合监管的成本收益视角入手,对不同的监管模式的优缺点及成本进行了探讨和分析,指出具有社会和政府合法性的民间金融协会亦能成为民间金融的监管者,甚至效果将优于政府作为监管主体的模式,为推动我国监管理念的转变做出一定贡献；构建了一个以行业协会为核心主体的民间金融自律性监管体系,可为转型期中国民间金融监管体系的具体设计做出一定贡献。本文的不足在于,选题较大,有限的篇幅难以对选题进行全面探讨；同时本文的研究较为粗浅,不够深入
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening - up , China ' s economic system has been in the process of gradual transformation . In this process , the country ' s economic development has made great achievements , and the sustained high - speed growth has caused the world to sigh . However , according to statistics , since the economic transformation , although the non - state - owned economy has contributed more than 20 % of the total amount of the bank loans , the development of the non - state - owned economy is inseparable from the solution of the financing problem . Civil finance is the result of the change of incentive system . It has its own advantages and corresponding limitation . When relying on the change of external conditions , it has caused a series of problems . In May , 2010 , the State Council once again published relevant documents to promote the healthy development of civil investment , which has become the most important participant in the deepening process of the future financial system . Aiming at this problem , this paper discusses the relevant theories and practices of civil financial supervision , and constructs a Chinese private financial self - discipline supervision system based on self - discipline supervision based on the special situation of China ' s transitional period . It provides a possible way to promote the development of civil finance in our country . The research of this paper will have realistic significance . In chapter 1 , introduction , the present research results of folk finance are reviewed . Through the review , it is concluded that the important reason of Chinese folk finance in the period of transition is " financial repression " In the present economic situation , there is an urgent need for the private finance to make a greater contribution to the development of the economy . However , in the current economic situation , there is an urgent need for the private finance to make a greater contribution to the development of the economy . Chapter 2 , the theory of financial supervision , analyzes the existing theories of financial supervision , points out the enlightenment from the theory of public interest , private interest theory and supervision cost return . In the third chapter , the financial supervision model will be compared and analyzed based on different kinds of supervision modes , and the advantages and limitations of various kinds of supervision modes are pointed out . In this paper , the financial supervision mode is classified into government supervision mode , industry self - discipline supervision mode and social public supervision mode . Chapter four , the development practice of folk financial supervision , will analyze the practice of the existing private financial supervision . After introducing the representative American model and Taiwan model , this paper concludes the reference significance of these two models to the construction of the Chinese folk financial supervision system . In addition , the American model and the Taiwan model have given the legal status of the private financial institutions in the form of legislation , and actively encouraged the private finance to transform into the formal medium and small financial institutions . Chapter five , the realistic characteristics of the civil financial supervision in China , firstly analyzes the logic of the civil financial supervision , then points out the possible direction of the improvement of China ' s private financial system . Chapter 6 , the system design of the civil financial self - discipline supervision system in the period of transition , after the principles of the design of the civil financial supervision system , analyzes the concrete design thinking of the civil financial industry association , and finally puts forward the specific construction arrangement of the civil financial self - discipline supervision system . Through the research , the following main points are drawn : First , the existence of folk finance has objective rationality , it should recognize its legitimacy and build a reasonable supervision system ; secondly , it needs to prevent the phenomenon of damaging the public interest in the construction of the specific regulatory system , and to pay attention to the appraisal of the cost and benefits of supervision and implementation , and to ensure that the government is the regulator of civil finance ; and the fourth , based on the special time background of the transition in China and the development of civil finance , it is a better choice to construct a private financial supervision system with self - discipline supervision as the core . Based on the analysis of the existing financial supervision theory , this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages and the cost of different supervision modes . It points out that the civil financial association with social and government legitimacy can also be the regulator of civil finance , and it can make a certain contribution to the concrete design of the civil financial supervision system in China .

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.1

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